arXiv:2410.10409cs.RO2024-10被引 37

用卡尔曼滤波引导传感器融合,提升无人机在动态环境中的目标追踪稳定性。

SMART-TRACK: A Novel Kalman Filter-Guided Sensor Fusion For Robust UAV Object Tracking in Dynamic Environments

  • 利用卡尔曼滤波的高频状态估计指导新测量搜索,维持追踪连续性。
  • 测量中断时估计误差均方根低至0.04米,显著提升稳定性。
  • 开源ROS2实现,适合无人机自主系统研发与仿真测试人员。

在动态环境中进行目标检测与定位的传感器融合与状态估计面临严峻挑战。传统卡尔曼滤波(KF)在测量间歇时易导致状态估计快速发散。为此,我们提出SMART(Sensor Measurement Augmentation and Reacquisition Tracker),通过KF的高频状态预测引导搜索新测量,确保追踪持续。方法包括:1)基于KF反馈的通用测量增强机制,在主检测器间歇失效时启用;以深度相机为例,将KF的3D预测投影至2D深度图像坐标,并采用一阶近似简化非线性协方差传播;2)提供开源的ROS2实现,已在Gazebo与ROS2真实仿真环境中验证。结果表明,测量中断期间估计均方根误差(RMSE)低至0.04米,显著增强无人机追踪鲁棒性,推动复杂场景下可靠自主飞行应用。代码见https://github.com/mzahana/SMART-TRACK。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

In the field of sensor fusion and state estimation for object detection and localization, ensuring accurate tracking in dynamic environments poses significant challenges. Traditional methods like the Kalman Filter (KF) often fail when measurements are intermittent, leading to rapid divergence in state estimations. To address this, we introduce SMART (Sensor Measurement Augmentation and Reacquisition Tracker), a novel approach that leverages high-frequency state estimates from the KF to guide the search for new measurements, maintaining tracking continuity even when direct measurements falter. This is crucial for dynamic environments where traditional methods struggle. Our contributions include: 1) Versatile Measurement Augmentation Using KF Feedback: We implement a versatile measurement augmentation system that serves as a backup when primary object detectors fail intermittently. This system is adaptable to various sensors, demonstrated using depth cameras where KF's 3D predictions are projected into 2D depth image coordinates, integrating nonlinear covariance propagation techniques simplified to first-order approximations. 2) Open-source ROS2 Implementation: We provide an open-source ROS2 implementation of the SMART-TRACK framework, validated in a realistic simulation environment using Gazebo and ROS2, fostering broader adaptation and further research. Our results showcase significant enhancements in tracking stability, with estimation RMSE as low as 0.04 m during measurement disruptions, advancing the robustness of UAV tracking and expanding the potential for reliable autonomous UAV operations in complex scenarios. The implementation is available at https://github.com/mzahana/SMART-TRACK.

无人机追踪卡尔曼滤波传感器融合实时系统

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