用超图建模数据高阶关系,改进嵌入方法的几何表达能力。
Dissecting embedding method: learning higher-order structures from data
- 用组合数学分析嵌入中的高阶结构,替代传统图模型。
- 在arXiv数据上验证超图能更准确刻画数据内在关系。
- 适合研究嵌入质量、几何学习与复杂网络结构的读者。
人工智能中曼达勒学习理论的研究热点在于从数据中学习低维流形表示,以提供更高质量的整理数据集。然而,这些方法在寻找数据的低维表示时面临维度灾难等问题。几何深度学习常依赖特征空间的几何假设,如预设度量或使用编码数据点邻近关系的图结构。但图结构仅能表达二元关系,限制了对更复杂高阶关系的捕捉,而这些关系在多种系统中普遍存在。结合数据的离散性与有限性,此类假设可能导致泛化错误,进而引发嵌入模型输出偏差,即使模型如BERT、Yi等在大规模语料上训练。本文研究目标有二:其一,提出新框架,通过高阶结构的组合方法剖析嵌入方法可能存在的不一致性;其二,探索将嵌入底层结构从图替换为超图,并运用超图理论进行分析。实验展示了该方法在arXiv数据上的嵌入表征效果。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Active area of research in AI is the theory of manifold learning and finding lower-dimensional manifold representation on how we can learn geometry from data for providing better quality curated datasets. There are however various issues with these methods related to finding low-dimensional representation of the data, the so-called curse of dimensionality. Geometric deep learning methods for data learning often include set of assumptions on the geometry of the feature space. Some of these assumptions include pre-selected metrics on the feature space, usage of the underlying graph structure, which encodes the data points proximity. However, the later assumption of using a graph as the underlying discrete structure, encodes only the binary pairwise relations between data points, restricting ourselves from capturing more complex higher-order relationships, which are often often present in various systems. These assumptions together with data being discrete and finite can cause some generalisations, which are likely to create wrong interpretations of the data and models outputs. Hence overall this can cause wrong outputs of the embedding models themselves, while these models being quite and trained on large corpora of data, such as BERT, Yi and other similar models.The objective of our research is twofold, first, it is to develop the alternative framework to characterize the embedding methods dissecting their possible inconsistencies using combinatorial approach of higher-order structures which encode the embedded data. Second objective is to explore the assumption of the underlying structure of embeddings to be graphs, substituting it with the hypergraph and using the hypergraph theory to analyze this structure. We also demonstrate the embedding characterization on the usecase of the arXiv data.
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