用混合嵌入提升物种分布预测精度,尤其擅长处理无环境数据的海量物种。
Hybrid Spatial Representations for Species Distribution Modeling
- 结合隐式与显式嵌入,用多分辨率哈希网格增强局部特征捕捉能力。
- 在多个基准上显著超越现有方法,对大量物种同时建模效果更优。
- 适合生态学研究者和需要高精度空间建模的领域应用。
我们针对生态学中的物种分布建模(SDM)问题,旨在预测某物种是否存在于地球特定位置。重点解决从众包数据集中仅基于存在点信息、同时建模大量物种且不依赖额外环境信息的挑战。以往工作使用神经隐式表示取得良好效果,但其全局公式化导致空间精度有限,难以捕捉局部特征变化,尤其在存在点数据和大规模物种场景下更为明显。为此,我们提出一种混合嵌入方案,结合隐式与显式嵌入;其中显式嵌入采用多分辨率哈希网格,有效提升局部信息建模能力。实验表明,该方法在多个标准基准上显著优于现有方法,且混合表示优于纯隐式或纯显式方案。定性可视化与全面消融实验验证了其成功应对两大核心挑战。代码已开源:https://github.com/Shiran-Yuan/HSR-SDM。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
We address an important problem in ecology called Species Distribution Modeling (SDM), whose goal is to predict whether a species exists at a certain position on Earth. In particular, we tackle a challenging version of this task, where we learn from presence-only data in a community-sourced dataset, model a large number of species simultaneously, and do not use any additional environmental information. Previous work has used neural implicit representations to construct models that achieve promising results. However, implicit representations often generate predictions of limited spatial precision. We attribute this limitation to their inherently global formulation and inability to effectively capture local feature variations. This issue is especially pronounced with presence-only data and a large number of species. To address this, we propose a hybrid embedding scheme that combines both implicit and explicit embeddings. Specifically, the explicit embedding is implemented with a multiresolution hashgrid, enabling our models to better capture local information. Experiments demonstrate that our results exceed other works by a large margin on various standard benchmarks, and that the hybrid representation is better than both purely implicit and explicit ones. Qualitative visualizations and comprehensive ablation studies reveal that our hybrid representation successfully addresses the two main challenges. Our code is open-sourced at https://github.com/Shiran-Yuan/HSR-SDM.
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