用高维报价提升电力市场竞价收益,让强化学习更贴近实际
Reinforcement Learning Based Bidding Framework with High-dimensional Bids in Power Markets
- 用神经网络生成价格-功率成对的高维报价
- 在真实电力市场中使收益提升,显著增强策略灵活性
- 适合研究智能电力交易与强化学习应用的研究者
过去十年,电力市场竞价受到广泛关注。强化学习(RL)作为应对现实不确定性决策的强大工具,被广泛应用于电力市场竞价。然而,现有RL方法多采用低维报价,与当前电力市场普遍使用的N个价格-功率对(即高维报价,HDBs)严重脱节。这种灵活性缺失极大限制了竞价收益,难以应对可再生能源带来的日益增长的不确定性。本文提出一种完整集成高维报价的强化学习竞价框架:首先,采用神经网络供给函数(NNSFs)生成以N个价格-功率对形式表示的高维报价;其次,将NNSF嵌入马尔可夫决策过程(MDP),使其兼容大多数现有RL方法;最后,在PJM实时市场中的储能系统实验表明,采用高维报价的所提方法显著提升了竞价灵活性,从而大幅提高先进RL竞价方法的利润。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Over the past decade, bidding in power markets has attracted widespread attention. Reinforcement Learning (RL) has been widely used for power market bidding as a powerful AI tool to make decisions under real-world uncertainties. However, current RL methods mostly employ low dimensional bids, which significantly diverge from the N price-power pairs commonly used in the current power markets. The N-pair bidding format is denoted as High Dimensional Bids (HDBs), which has not been fully integrated into the existing RL-based bidding methods. The loss of flexibility in current RL bidding methods could greatly limit the bidding profits and make it difficult to tackle the rising uncertainties brought by renewable energy generations. In this paper, we intend to propose a framework to fully utilize HDBs for RL-based bidding methods. First, we employ a special type of neural network called Neural Network Supply Functions (NNSFs) to generate HDBs in the form of N price-power pairs. Second, we embed the NNSF into a Markov Decision Process (MDP) to make it compatible with most existing RL methods. Finally, experiments on Energy Storage Systems (ESSs) in the PJM Real-Time (RT) power market show that the proposed bidding method with HDBs can significantly improve bidding flexibility, thereby improving the profit of the state-of-the-art RL bidding methods.
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