通过预测速度优化赛道弯道轨迹,实现更激进的自动驾驶赛车。
A Data-Driven Aggressive Autonomous Racing Framework Utilizing Local Trajectory Planning with Velocity Prediction
- 用模型预测轮廓控制结合速度预测,动态规划最优速度曲线。
- 仿真中训练迭代次数减少42.86%,实车测试速度达车辆极限的93.18%。
- 专为竞速设计目标函数,适合追求高性能的自动驾驶赛车研究者。
自动驾驶赛车的发展推动了局部轨迹规划的研究。然而,现有方法在急弯赛道上难以规划出最优速度曲线,影响整体性能。为此,我们提出一种融合基于模型预测轮廓控制的速度预测(VPMPCC)的局部轨迹规划方法。通过针对竞速场景设计的新目标函数(OFR),利用贝叶斯优化(BO)学习最优参数。VPMPCC通过将赛道编码为参考速度曲线并融入优化问题,有效优化了高曲率弯道处的速度分布。OFR在竞速性能与车辆安全间取得平衡,保障了安全高效的训练。仿真结果显示,基于OFR的BO训练迭代次数相比最先进方法减少42.86%。经仿真训练的最优参数直接部署于真实F1TENTH车辆,未再训练。在自建含多个急弯赛道的长时间竞速测试中,VPMPCC的平均投影速度达到车辆操控极限的93.18%。代码已开源:https://github.com/zhouhengli/VPMPCC。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
The development of autonomous driving has boosted the research on autonomous racing. However, existing local trajectory planning methods have difficulty planning trajectories with optimal velocity profiles at racetracks with sharp corners, thus weakening the performance of autonomous racing. To address this problem, we propose a local trajectory planning method that integrates Velocity Prediction based on Model Predictive Contouring Control (VPMPCC). The optimal parameters of VPMPCC are learned through Bayesian Optimization (BO) based on a proposed novel Objective Function adapted to Racing (OFR). Specifically, VPMPCC achieves velocity prediction by encoding the racetrack as a reference velocity profile and incorporating it into the optimization problem. This method optimizes the velocity profile of local trajectories, especially at corners with significant curvature. The proposed OFR balances racing performance with vehicle safety, ensuring safe and efficient BO training. In the simulation, the number of training iterations for OFR-based BO is reduced by 42.86% compared to the state-of-the-art method. The optimal simulation-trained parameters are then applied to a real-world F1TENTH vehicle without retraining. During prolonged racing on a custom-built racetrack featuring significant sharp corners, the mean projected velocity of VPMPCC reaches 93.18% of the vehicle's handling limits. The released code is available at https://github.com/zhouhengli/VPMPCC.
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