用扩散模型思路改进模仿学习,训练更稳定,效果更好。
Diffusing States and Matching Scores: A New Framework for Imitation Learning
- 通过扩散状态和分数匹配衡量专家与学习者状态差异
- 在连续控制任务中优于传统GAN方法和无判别器方法
- 理论证明误差不累积,适合复杂动作学习
对抗性模仿学习传统上被建模为学习者与对抗性成本函数之间的二人零和博弈,可视为生成对抗网络(GAN)的序列推广。然而近年来,扩散模型作为一种非对抗性替代方案出现,仅需通过回归训练得分函数即可生成高质量样本。受此启发,我们研究如何将扩散建模的洞见拓展到序列设置。本文提出对状态进行扩散,并在扩散后的状态上执行分数匹配,以度量专家与学习者状态间的差异。该方法仅需通过标准回归训练得分函数来预测噪声,相比对抗方法显著更易训练且更稳定。理论上,我们证明了随时间步线性增长的一阶和二阶实例相关边界,表明该方法避免了阻碍离线模仿学习的误差累积问题。实验上,我们在多种连续控制任务中展示该方法优于基于GAN的模仿学习基线以及无判别器的基线,包括控制人形机器人行走、坐下、爬行及穿越障碍等复杂任务。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Adversarial Imitation Learning is traditionally framed as a two-player zero-sum game between a learner and an adversarially chosen cost function, and can therefore be thought of as the sequential generalization of a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN). However, in recent years, diffusion models have emerged as a non-adversarial alternative to GANs that merely require training a score function via regression, yet produce generations of higher quality. In response, we investigate how to lift insights from diffusion modeling to the sequential setting. We propose diffusing states and performing score-matching along diffused states to measure the discrepancy between the expert's and learner's states. Thus, our approach only requires training score functions to predict noises via standard regression, making it significantly easier and more stable to train than adversarial methods. Theoretically, we prove first- and second-order instance-dependent bounds with linear scaling in the horizon, proving that our approach avoids the compounding errors that stymie offline approaches to imitation learning. Empirically, we show our approach outperforms both GAN-style imitation learning baselines and discriminator-free imitation learning baselines across various continuous control problems, including complex tasks like controlling humanoids to walk, sit, crawl, and navigate through obstacles.
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