让无人机撞后自动恢复路径,靠触觉反馈和智能避障
A Tactile Feedback Approach to Path Recovery after High-Speed Impacts for Collision-Resilient Drones
- 用触觉传感器+碰撞前速度预测撞后轨迹
- 3.7米/秒高速撞击后仍能精准回归原路径
- 适合在复杂环境飞行的轻量化无人机
飞行机器人凭借出色的机动性广泛应用于探索、监控与巡检。但在复杂环境中易发生碰撞并受损。传统避障方法受限于环境与平台计算资源。本文提出一种新型路径恢复方法,针对高速抗撞无人机,配备轻量分布式触觉传感器。系统利用碰撞前速度、速率及触觉反馈,显式建模碰撞过程,提升状态估计精度。同时引入计算高效的向量场路径表示,确保收敛至目标路径,并自然避开已知障碍物。碰撞后,接触点作为排斥势融入向量场,使无人机在避障的同时自然回归路径。通过蒙特卡洛仿真与物理原型验证,该方法在高达3.7米/秒的速度下实现成功路径跟踪、碰撞恢复与调整。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Aerial robots are a well-established solution for exploration, monitoring, and inspection, thanks to their superior maneuverability and agility. However, in many environments, they risk crashing and sustaining damage after collisions. Traditional methods focus on avoiding obstacles entirely, but these approaches can be limiting, particularly in cluttered spaces or on weight-and compute-constrained platforms such as drones. This paper presents a novel approach to enhance drone robustness and autonomy by developing a path recovery and adjustment method for a high-speed collision-resilient aerial robot equipped with lightweight, distributed tactile sensors. The proposed system explicitly models collisions using pre-collision velocities, rates and tactile feedback to predict post-collision dynamics, improving state estimation accuracy. Additionally, we introduce a computationally efficient vector-field-based path representation that guarantees convergence to a user-specified path, while naturally avoiding known obstacles. Post-collision, contact point locations are incorporated into the vector field as a repulsive potential, enabling the drone to avoid obstacles while naturally returning to its path. The effectiveness of this method is validated through Monte Carlo simulations and demonstrated on a physical prototype, showing successful path following, collision recovery, and adjustment at speeds up to 3.7 m/s.
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