用矩阵成像克服颅骨干扰，实现脑内微血管超分辨率成像
Ultrasound matrix imaging for 3D transcranial in vivo localization microscopy
- 通过记录反射矩阵预补偿声波畸变
- 在活体绵羊脑内实现深部微血管亚毫米级成像
- 为无辐射脑血管疾病诊断提供新可能
经颅超声成像常受颅骨衰减和高阶像差限制。结合微泡造影剂与超快成像，可提升信噪比并获得微米级脑血管超分辨率图像。然而，超声定位显微镜（ULM）仍受波前畸变影响，导致微泡检测率下降且定位困难。本文提出利用超声矩阵成像技术，基于预先记录的反射矩阵，有效解决上述问题。实验上，在麻醉绵羊体内实现了深部脑微血管的在体重建。波前畸变补偿显著提升了ULM的对比度与分辨率。该研究为人类脑微血管病变（如中风）的经颅、非电离观测开辟了新前景。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Transcranial ultrasound imaging is usually limited by skull-induced attenuation and high-order aberrations. By using contrast agents such as microbubbles in combination with ultrafast imaging, not only can the signal-to-noise ratio be improved, but super-resolution images down to the micrometer scale of the brain vessels can also be obtained. However, ultrasound localization microscopy (ULM) remains affected by wavefront distortions that limit the microbubble detection rate and hamper their localization. In this work, we show how ultrasound matrix imaging, which relies on the prior recording of the reflection matrix, can provide a solution to these fundamental issues. As an experimental proof of concept, an in vivo reconstruction of deep brain microvessels is performed on three anesthetized sheep. The compensation of wave distortions is shown to markedly enhance the contrast and resolution of ULM. This experimental study thus opens up promising perspectives for a transcranial and nonionizing observation of human cerebral microvascular pathologies, such as stroke.
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