arXiv:2410.14760hep-phcs.LG2024-10被引 3

用机器学习提升粒子物理数据分析,对比了多种模型的效率与精度。

Advancing Physics Data Analysis through Machine Learning and Physics-Informed Neural Networks

  • 采用多种机器学习与物理信息神经网络进行粒子物理数据分类
  • XGBoost在小数据下最快,标准神经网络和PINN精度更高且符合物理规律
  • 适合关注计算效率或物理可解释性的高能物理研究者

在绿色计算与可解释人工智能日益重要的背景下,重新审视理论与现象学粒子物理的传统方法至关重要。本项目评估了包括K近邻、决策树、随机森林、AdaBoost、朴素贝叶斯、二次判别分析(QDA)和XGBoost在内的多种机器学习算法,以及标准神经网络和一种新型物理信息神经网络(PINN),用于基于希格斯观测量和关键参数区分模拟情景的实验可行性。通过全面分析,旨在展示各模型在二分类任务中的能力与计算效率,推动机器学习与深度神经网络在物理研究中的融合。研究发现,XGBoost在计算初期数据有限时表现最优,速度快且有效;而标准神经网络和物理信息神经网络(PINNs)在准确性和遵循物理规律方面更优,但需更多计算时间。结果凸显了计算效率与模型复杂度之间的权衡。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

In an era increasingly focused on green computing and explainable AI, revisiting traditional approaches in theoretical and phenomenological particle physics is paramount. This project evaluates various machine learning (ML) algorithms-including Nearest Neighbors, Decision Trees, Random Forest, AdaBoost, Naive Bayes, Quadratic Discriminant Analysis (QDA), and XGBoost-alongside standard neural networks and a novel Physics-Informed Neural Network (PINN) for physics data analysis. We apply these techniques to a binary classification task that distinguishes the experimental viability of simulated scenarios based on Higgs observables and essential parameters. Through this comprehensive analysis, we aim to showcase the capabilities and computational efficiency of each model in binary classification tasks, thereby contributing to the ongoing discourse on integrating ML and Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) into physics research. In this study, XGBoost emerged as the preferred choice among the evaluated machine learning algorithms for its speed and effectiveness, especially in the initial stages of computation with limited datasets. However, while standard Neural Networks and Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) demonstrated superior performance in terms of accuracy and adherence to physical laws, they require more computational time. These findings underscore the trade-offs between computational efficiency and model sophistication.

机器学习粒子物理PINN可解释性

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