用6步采样快速修复高缺失率交通数据,比现有方法快8.3倍。
FastSTI: A Fast Conditional Pseudo Numerical Diffusion Model for Spatio-temporal Traffic Data Imputation
- 引入高阶伪数值求解器加速采样过程。
- 在60%~90%缺失率下仍能生成高质量数据。
- 适合需要实时修复交通数据的智能交通系统。
高质量时空交通数据对智能交通系统及其数据驱动应用至关重要。由于各种干扰导致的数据缺失问题威胁着数据获取的可靠性。近期扩散概率模型研究表明,深度生成模型通过精确捕捉交通数据的时空相关性,在数据补全任务中表现优异。然而,扩散模型存在采样/去噪过程缓慢的缺点。本文提出一种面向时空交通数据补全的快速条件扩散模型 FastSTI。为在保持性能的同时加速过程,我们引入高阶伪数值求解器,并在采样过程中设计预定义的方差调度对齐策略以进一步提升补全效果。在两类真实交通数据集(交通速度与流量)上,针对不同缺失场景的实验表明,FastSTI 仅需6次采样即可生成更高质量的补全结果,尤其在60%~90%高缺失率下表现突出。实验结果表明,该方法相比当前最优模型实现8.3倍的速度提升,且性能更优。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
High-quality spatiotemporal traffic data is crucial for intelligent transportation systems (ITS) and their data-driven applications. Inevitably, the issue of missing data caused by various disturbances threatens the reliability of data acquisition. Recent studies of diffusion probability models have demonstrated the superiority of deep generative models in imputation tasks by precisely capturing the spatio-temporal correlation of traffic data. One drawback of diffusion models is their slow sampling/denoising process. In this work, we aim to accelerate the imputation process while retaining the performance. We propose a fast conditional diffusion model for spatiotemporal traffic data imputation (FastSTI). To speed up the process yet, obtain better performance, we propose the application of a high-order pseudo-numerical solver. Our method further revs the imputation by introducing a predefined alignment strategy of variance schedule during the sampling process. Evaluating FastSTI on two types of real-world traffic datasets (traffic speed and flow) with different missing data scenarios proves its ability to impute higher-quality samples in only six sampling steps, especially under high missing rates (60\% $\sim$ 90\%). The experimental results illustrate a speed-up of $\textbf{8.3} \times$ faster than the current state-of-the-art model while achieving better performance.
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