用心理模型生成可互动的学生智能体,帮老师练教学适应力。
When LLMs Learn to be Students: The SOEI Framework for Modeling and Evaluating Virtual Student Agents in Educational Interaction
- 构建场景-对象-评估-交互四阶段框架,实现性格一致的学生智能体
- 五类性格学生在多轮对话中保持行为一致性,真实度获人类与GPT-4双重验证
- 适合教育AI研究者、师范生培训者,推动人机教学互动发展
大语言模型(LLMs)的进展使智能辅导系统成为可能,但基于LLM的虚拟学生代理(LVSAs)仍缺乏系统性研究。这类代理对教师导向的应用至关重要,能模拟多样学习者特征,支持自适应教学与教学能力提升。然而现有方法在性格建模、行为一致性评估和互动教学验证方面存在不足。本文提出SOEI框架,涵盖场景、对象、评估与交互四个环节,用于构建与评估课堂情境中的性格对齐型学生智能体。以中文教学为认知与情感丰富的测试场景,通过LoRA微调与专家指导提示设计,生成五类基于五大性格特质的虚拟学生。其行为真实性和性格一致性通过混合人工与GPT-4评估及多维度标注协议进行验证。在真实准教师控制实验中,结果表明该模型可激发教师调整教学策略,并在多轮对话中保持性格一致性。研究贡献包括:(1) 教育与心理学基础的生成管道;(2) 可扩展的混合评估框架;(3) 关于学生智能体在促进教学适应中实用性的实证洞察。通过将学生智能体嵌入生成建模与人机协同教学,SOEI连接了教育人工智能(AI4Edu)与人工智能教育(Edu4AI),将课堂互动作为评估大模型可控性、性格对齐与类人表现的严谨试验场。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have enabled intelligent tutoring systems, yet the development of LLM-based Virtual Student Agents (LVSAs) remains underexplored. Such agents are essential for teacher-facing applications, where simulating diverse learner traits can support adaptive instruction and pedagogical skill development. However, current methods lack principled personality modeling, scalable evaluation of behavioral consistency, and empirical validation in interactive teaching settings. We propose the SOEI framework, a structured pipeline comprising Scene, Object, Evaluation, and Interaction, for constructing and evaluating personality-aligned LVSAs in classroom scenarios. Leveraging Chinese language instruction as a cognitively and emotionally rich testbed, we generate five LVSAs based on Big Five traits through LoRA fine-tuning and expert-informed prompt design. Their behavioral realism and personality coherence are assessed using a hybrid human & GPT-4 evaluation and a multi-dimensional annotation protocol. Through controlled experiments with real pre-service teachers, we demonstrate that LVSAs can elicit adaptive teaching strategies and maintain trait-consistent behavior across multi-turn dialogues. Our results provide: (1) an educationally and psychologically grounded generation pipeline for LLM-based student agents; (2) a hybrid, scalable evaluation framework for behavioral realism; and (3) empirical insights into the pedagogical utility of LVSAs in shaping instructional adaptation. By embedding LVSAs into both generative modeling and human-in-the-loop teaching, SOEI bridges AI for Education (AI4Edu) and Education for AI (Edu4AI), positioning classroom interaction as a rigorous testbed for controllability, personality alignment, and human-likeness in large language models.
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