通过询问标注者对他人判断的信念,降低文本标注中的群体偏差。
Reducing annotator bias by belief elicitation
- 让标注者预测他人对同一内容的判断,替代直接打标签。
- 在1590名参与者中,政治立场差异导致的标注偏差显著降低。
- 适用于标注人数少或数据稀缺场景,适合社会偏见敏感任务。
众包标注在人工智能发展中起着重要作用。文本标注常受标注者背景影响,产生系统性偏差,若忽视可能造成对少数群体观点的代表性偏差。现有方法通常需大量标注者或每条数据多个标注。本文提出一种无需依赖标注数量的新方法:让标注者报告其对其他标注者判断的信念。基于两个控制实验(共1590名民主党与共和党参与者),要求其判断语句是否为论据,并预测他人判断。结果表明,采用信念报告可一致减少两组间的系统性差异,有效降低标注偏差。该方法有望提升AI系统的泛化能力,避免对未代表群体的伤害,未来需在更多任务中验证其潜力。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Crowdsourced annotations of data play a substantial role in the development of Artificial Intelligence (AI). It is broadly recognised that annotations of text data can contain annotator bias, where systematic disagreement in annotations can be traced back to differences in the annotators' backgrounds. Being unaware of such annotator bias can lead to representational bias against minority group perspectives and therefore several methods have been proposed for recognising bias or preserving perspectives. These methods typically require either a substantial number of annotators or annotations per data instance. In this study, we propose a simple method for handling bias in annotations without requirements on the number of annotators or instances. Instead, we ask annotators about their beliefs of other annotators' judgements of an instance, under the hypothesis that these beliefs may provide more representative and less biased labels than judgements. The method was examined in two controlled, survey-based experiments involving Democrats and Republicans (n=1,590) asked to judge statements as arguments and then report beliefs about others' judgements. The results indicate that bias, defined as systematic differences between the two groups of annotators, is consistently reduced when asking for beliefs instead of judgements. Our proposed method therefore has the potential to reduce the risk of annotator bias, thereby improving the generalisability of AI systems and preventing harm to unrepresented socio-demographic groups, and we highlight the need for further studies of this potential in other tasks and downstream applications.
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