arXiv:2410.16537cs.AIcs.LG2024-10被引 2

用量子思想让深度学习模型变透明,提升可信度。

QIXAI: A Quantum-Inspired Framework for Enhancing Classical and Quantum Model Transparency and Understanding

  • 借量子力学原理分析神经网络特征处理机制。
  • 在疟疾检测任务中揭示模型决策依据,解释性更强。
  • 适用多类模型,适合需高可信AI的医疗金融场景。

深度学习模型(尤其是卷积神经网络)虽性能优异,但缺乏可解释性,常被视为“黑箱”,在医疗、金融和自动驾驶等关键领域引发信任与责任担忧。本文提出量子启发式可解释AI框架QIXAI,利用希尔伯特空间、叠加态、纠缠和特征值分解等量子力学原理,揭示神经网络各层如何处理与融合特征以做出决策。我们批判性评估了SHAP、LIME及层间相关性传播(LRP)等方法,指出其难以全面反映模型运作机制。QIXAI通过奇异值分解(SVD)、主成分分析(PCA)和互信息(MI)等技术,在疟疾寄生虫检测的卷积神经网络案例中,提供可解释的模型行为分析。该框架还可扩展至循环神经网络(RNN)、长短期记忆网络(LSTM)、Transformer及自然语言处理模型,以及生成模型与时间序列分析。它同时适用于经典与量子系统,有助于提升各类模型的可解释性与透明度,推动可信AI的发展。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

The impressive performance of deep learning models, particularly Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), is often hindered by their lack of interpretability, rendering them "black boxes." This opacity raises concerns in critical areas like healthcare, finance, and autonomous systems, where trust and accountability are crucial. This paper introduces the QIXAI Framework (Quantum-Inspired Explainable AI), a novel approach for enhancing neural network interpretability through quantum-inspired techniques. By utilizing principles from quantum mechanics, such as Hilbert spaces, superposition, entanglement, and eigenvalue decomposition, the QIXAI framework reveals how different layers of neural networks process and combine features to make decisions. We critically assess model-agnostic methods like SHAP and LIME, as well as techniques like Layer-wise Relevance Propagation (LRP), highlighting their limitations in providing a comprehensive view of neural network operations. The QIXAI framework overcomes these limitations by offering deeper insights into feature importance, inter-layer dependencies, and information propagation. A CNN for malaria parasite detection is used as a case study to demonstrate how quantum-inspired methods like Singular Value Decomposition (SVD), Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and Mutual Information (MI) provide interpretable explanations of model behavior. Additionally, we explore the extension of QIXAI to other architectures, including Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks, Transformers, and Natural Language Processing (NLP) models, and its application to generative models and time-series analysis. The framework applies to both quantum and classical systems, demonstrating its potential to improve interpretability and transparency across a range of models, advancing the broader goal of developing trustworthy AI systems.

可解释AI量子启发模型透明深度学习

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