探讨聊天机器人能否真正断言，提出‘准断言’新概念化解争议。
Chatting with Bots: AI, Speech Acts, and the Edge of Assertion
- 引入‘准断言’概念，为聊天机器人断言能力提供哲学解释
- 分析现有反对意见，指出其合理性但不可全然否定断言可能
- 适合对AI语言能力、哲学与认知科学感兴趣的读者
本文探讨大型语言模型驱动的聊天机器人是否具备断言能力。我们提出聊天机器人断言论题（TCA），认为聊天机器人是能够断言的存在，且当前生成的部分输出可视为断言。我们论证该观点应被认真对待，而非简单否定。同时回顾了近期对TCA的批评，承认这些质疑具有分量。由此形成两难：如何兼顾支持与反对的理据？我们考察了两种主流回应——代理断言说与虚构主义说，认为均不充分。通过反思断言的起源，我们主张应引入‘准断言’这一类别。将此概念应用于聊天机器人，认为将其视为准断言者能有效解决断言困境。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
This paper addresses the question of whether large language model-powered chatbots are capable of assertion. According to what we call the Thesis of Chatbot Assertion (TCA), chatbots are the kinds of things that can assert, and at least some of the output produced by current-generation chatbots qualifies as assertion. We provide some motivation for TCA, arguing that it ought to be taken seriously and not simply dismissed. We also review recent objections to TCA, arguing that these objections are weighty. We thus confront the following dilemma: how can we do justice to both the considerations for and against TCA? We consider two influential responses to this dilemma - the first appeals to the notion of proxy-assertion; the second appeals to fictionalism - and argue that neither is satisfactory. Instead, reflecting on the ontogenesis of assertion, we argue that we need to make space for a category of proto-assertion. We then apply the category of proto-assertion to chatbots, arguing that treating chatbots as proto-assertors provides a satisfactory resolution to the dilemma of chatbot assertion.
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