提出'规范软件'新范式，助力技术与制度协同设计
Code-Driven Law NO, Normware SI!
- 将规范软件作为软硬件之外的第三类技术构件
- 通过案例证明其能更好抽象人机制度交互关系
- 适合研究法律科技融合与社会治理的技术设计
随着社会数字化进程加速，人们对'代码'、'法律'、'人工智能'及其相互关系的关注与讨论持续升温。然而，现有争论多聚焦于当代计算方法与产物（如机器学习模型、基于规则的系统、智能合约），未能触及更根本的机制。为突破这一概念局限，本文提出并详述了'规范软件'（normware）作为一种明确的补充立场——与软件、硬件并列——用于解释和设计人工装置。通过若干案例，论证以规范软件为中心的视角，能更准确地抽象计算系统与人类制度间的互动，有助于在更广泛的社会技术视域下设计和开发技术干预方案。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
With the digitalization of society, the interest, the debates and the research efforts concerning "code", "law", "artificial intelligence", and their various relationships, have been widely increasing. Yet, most arguments primarily focus on contemporary computational methods and artifacts (inferential models constructed via machine-learning methods, rule-based systems, smart contracts), rather than attempting to identify more fundamental mechanisms. Aiming to go beyond this conceptual limitation, this paper introduces and elaborates on "normware" as an explicit additional stance -- complementary to software and hardware -- for the interpretation and the design of artificial devices. By means of a few examples, I will argue that a normware-centred perspective provides a more adequate abstraction to study and design interactions between computational systems and human institutions, and may help with the design and development of technical interventions within wider socio-technical views.
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