提出端到端学习框架,公平优化刑事庭审日程安排。
End-to-End Optimization and Learning of Fair Court Schedules
- 融合机器学习与匹配算法,联合优化多方偏好。
- 在数据不确定下仍能实现各方公平性平衡。
- 适合司法系统改进排期流程的研究者与实践者。
美国各地刑事法院每年处理数百万案件,案件排期需兼顾法庭、检察官、辩护方等多方的偏好与可用性。然而被告人的排期偏好常被忽视,导致缺席可能引发逮捕或拘留等严重后果。研究表明,被告人未出庭也给法院和其他系统相关方带来成本。因此,学界和实务界逐渐认识到,通过改进包括排期在内的司法流程,可提升被告人的预审结果及系统整体效率。但收集被告人偏好数据存在实际困难,且在已有数据条件下,公平地优化多方需求仍是复杂难题。为此,本文提出一种端到端的学习与优化框架,结合端到端训练的机器学习模型与高效匹配算法,在数据不确定性下生成兼顾各方可用性与偏好的公平排期方案,旨在实现有原则的公平性衡量。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Criminal courts across the United States handle millions of cases every year, and the scheduling of those cases must accommodate a diverse set of constraints, including the preferences and availability of courts, prosecutors, and defense teams. When criminal court schedules are formed, defendants' scheduling preferences often take the least priority, although defendants may face significant consequences (including arrest or detention) for missed court dates. Additionally, studies indicate that defendants' nonappearances impose costs on the courts and other system stakeholders. To address these issues, courts and commentators have begun to recognize that pretrial outcomes for defendants and for the system would be improved with greater attention to court processes, including \emph{court scheduling practices}. There is thus a need for fair criminal court pretrial scheduling systems that account for defendants' preferences and availability, but the collection of such data poses logistical challenges. Furthermore, optimizing schedules fairly across various parties' preferences is a complex optimization problem, even when such data is available. In an effort to construct such a fair scheduling system under data uncertainty, this paper proposes a joint optimization and learning framework that combines machine learning models trained end-to-end with efficient matching algorithms. This framework aims to produce court scheduling schedules that optimize a principled measure of fairness, balancing the availability and preferences of all parties.
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