端到端整合语义分割与场景重建,提升机器人环境理解能力。
Semantic Segmentation and Scene Reconstruction of RGB-D Image Frames: An End-to-End Modular Pipeline for Robotic Applications
- 融合SAM2与分类模型生成更清晰的语义掩码
- 在ADE20K上达47.0% mIoU,边界精度显著提升
- 支持连续人体追踪与高效场景重建,适合实际部署
在非结构化环境中运行的机器人需要从传感器数据中获取几何与语义信息以全面理解周围环境。传统RGB-D处理流程主要关注几何重建,限制了其在高级感知、规划和交互中的应用。关键挑战在于缺乏能同时保持精确几何表示的通用语义分割方法。本文提出一种端到端模块化流水线,集成最先进的语义分割、人体追踪、点云融合与场景重建技术。通过结合SAM2的掩码生成与语义分类模型,本方法提升了分割精度,获得更锐利的掩码和高分类准确率。相比SegFormer和OneFormer,在ADE20K数据集上达到47.0% mIoU(前者为45.9%),且物体边界更精确。人体追踪算法借助分割结果实现跨帧重识别,确保对象离开再进入时仍可连续追踪。点云融合方法在1.81倍加速下,维持25.3 mm的均方重建误差。我们在基准数据集与真实Kinect RGB-D数据上验证了该方法,证明其在效率、精度与可用性上的优势。结构化表示以Universal Scene Description (USD)格式存储,支持高效查询、可视化与机器人仿真,具备实际部署可行性。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Robots operating in unstructured environments require a comprehensive understanding of their surroundings, necessitating geometric and semantic information from sensor data. Traditional RGB-D processing pipelines focus primarily on geometric reconstruction, limiting their ability to support advanced robotic perception, planning, and interaction. A key challenge is the lack of generalized methods for segmenting RGB-D data into semantically meaningful components while maintaining accurate geometric representations. We introduce a novel end-to-end modular pipeline that integrates state-of-the-art semantic segmentation, human tracking, point-cloud fusion, and scene reconstruction. Our approach improves semantic segmentation accuracy by leveraging the foundational segmentation model SAM2 with a hybrid method that combines its mask generation with a semantic classification model, resulting in sharper masks and high classification accuracy. Compared to SegFormer and OneFormer, our method achieves a similar semantic segmentation accuracy (mIoU of 47.0% vs 45.9% in the ADE20K dataset) but provides much more precise object boundaries. Additionally, our human tracking algorithm interacts with the segmentation enabling continuous tracking even when objects leave and re-enter the frame by object re-identification. Our point cloud fusion approach reduces computation time by 1.81x while maintaining a small mean reconstruction error of 25.3 mm by leveraging the semantic information. We validate our approach on benchmark datasets and real-world Kinect RGB-D data, demonstrating improved efficiency, accuracy, and usability. Our structured representation, stored in the Universal Scene Description (USD) format, supports efficient querying, visualization, and robotic simulation, making it practical for real-world deployment.
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