用超表面实现低延迟波前感知，提升远距离光通信抗湍流能力
Single-Shot Phase Diversity Wavefront Sensing in Deep Turbulence via Metasurface Optics
- 采用纳米结构双折射超表面，实现紧凑型相位多样性波前传感
- 在中高湍流（Rytov数0.2~0.6）下，校正后信号平均提升16倍
- 适合对体积和响应速度有要求的远距离自由空间光通信系统
自由空间光通信（FSOC）系统具有高带宽、高安全性及低成本优势。自适应光学（AO）常用于降低大气信道损耗，但传统波前传感器在长距离深湍流条件下性能下降。相位多样性波前传感器可在深湍流中有效重构波前，但现有方案体积大、延迟高。本文采用纳米结构双折射超表面光学元件，实现了紧凑、低延迟的相位多样性波前感知。通过仿真与实验验证，在中高湍流（Rytov数0.2至0.6）条件下，校正后光束信号平均提升16倍。该方法为提升FSOC系统传输距离与精度提供了紧凑可靠的波前感知路径。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Free-space optical communication (FSOC) systems offer high-bandwidth and secure communication with minimal capital costs. Adaptive optics (AO) are typically added to these systems to decrease atmospheric channel losses; however, the performance of traditional AO wavefront sensors degrades in long-range, deep turbulence conditions. Alternative wavefront sensors using phase diversity can successfully reconstruct wavefronts in deep turbulence, but current implementations require bulky setups with high latency. In this work, we employ a nanostructured birefringent metasurface optic that enables low-latency phase diversity wavefront sensing in a compact form factor. We prove the effectiveness of this approach in mid-to-high turbulence (Rytov numbers from 0.2 to 0.6) through simulation and experimental demonstration. In both cases an average 16-fold increase in signal from the corrected beam is obtained. Our approach opens a pathway for compact, robust wavefront sensing that enhances range and accuracy of FSOC systems.
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