用低分辨率幅度调制器提升全息显示对比度，适合紧凑头显设计。
High contrast holography through dual modulation
- 在相位调制器旁加低分辨率幅度调制器，实现双调制增强对比度。
- 仿真中信噪比提升最高达31 dB，实验中提升6.5 dB。
- 即使幅度调制器分辨率低60倍，也能显著改善图像质量，适合小型设备。
全息显示有望提供沉浸式视觉体验，其紧凑形态使其成为头戴式显示器的有力候选。然而，在紧凑头显所需的短传播距离下，使用传统仅相位调制的空间光调制器（SLM）时图像对比度较低。虽然复数调制器可恢复对比度，但这类器件需大型透镜光学对准幅度与相位分量，不适用于紧凑设计。本文提出一种新架构：在相位调制器前方短距离处添加一个低分辨率幅度SLM，仿真中峰值信噪比提升高达31 dB，实验中提升6.5 dB，即使幅度调制器分辨率比相位调制器低60倍。我们分析了衍射角与幅度调制器像素尺寸的关系，并通过桌面原型验证了该方法的有效性。结果表明，低分辨率调制即可显著提升对比度，为高对比度全息显示开辟了新设计空间。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Holographic displays are a promising technology for immersive visual experiences, and their potential for compact form factor makes them a strong candidate for head-mounted displays. However, at the short propagation distances needed for a compact, head-mounted architecture, image contrast is low when using a traditional phase-only spatial light modulator (SLM). Although a complex SLM could restore contrast, these modulators require bulky lenses to optically co-locate the amplitude and phase components, making them poorly suited for a compact head-mounted design. In this work, we introduce a novel architecture to improve contrast: by adding a low resolution amplitude SLM a short distance away from the phase modulator, we demonstrate peak signal-to-noise ratio improvement up to 31 dB in simulation and 6.5 dB experimentally compared to phase-only modulation, even when the amplitude modulator is 60$\times$ lower resolution than its phase counterpart. We analyze the relationship between diffraction angle and amplitude modulator pixel size, and validate the concept with a benchtop experimental prototype. By showing that low resolution modulation is sufficient to improve contrast, we open new design spaces for high-contrast holographic displays.
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