用AI对齐理论分析欧盟人工智能法案，揭示监管漏洞
Using AI Alignment Theory to understand the potential pitfalls of regulatory frameworks
- 将AI对齐理论中的失败模式类比监管设计
- 发现法案存在代理博弈、目标漂移等潜在风险
- 适合政策制定者与AI伦理研究者参考
本文借鉴对齐理论（Alignment Theory, AT）的研究成果，该理论主要关注人工智能技术对齐中的潜在问题，用于批判性审视欧盟《人工智能法案》（EU AI Act）。在对齐理论中，已识别出若干关键失败模式，如代理博弈、目标漂移、奖励黑客行为或规范博弈，这些可能在AI系统未正确对齐其预期目标时出现。本报告的核心逻辑是：如果我们以对待先进AI系统的方式看待监管努力，会有什么启示？通过系统性地将这些概念应用于欧盟人工智能法案，我们揭示了监管中存在的潜在脆弱性及改进空间。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
This paper leverages insights from Alignment Theory (AT) research, which primarily focuses on the potential pitfalls of technical alignment in Artificial Intelligence, to critically examine the European Union's Artificial Intelligence Act (EU AI Act). In the context of AT research, several key failure modes - such as proxy gaming, goal drift, reward hacking or specification gaming - have been identified. These can arise when AI systems are not properly aligned with their intended objectives. The central logic of this report is: what can we learn if we treat regulatory efforts in the same way as we treat advanced AI systems? As we systematically apply these concepts to the EU AI Act, we uncover potential vulnerabilities and areas for improvement in the regulation.
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