提出新型时空建模框架,高效处理高维长序列数据。
FACTS: A Factored State-Space Framework For World Modelling
- 构建图结构记忆库,通过路由机制实现可置换记忆表示
- 支持高维序列并行计算,在多任务上超越或媲美专用模型
- 适合需要长时序建模的复杂系统预测场景
世界建模对于理解与预测复杂系统的动态行为至关重要,需同时学习空间与时间依赖关系。然而,当前框架如Transformer和选择性状态空间模型(如Mamba)在高效编码空间-时间结构方面存在局限,尤其在需要长期高维序列建模的场景下表现不足。为此,我们提出一种新型递归框架——因子化状态空间(FACTS)模型,用于空间-时间世界建模。FACTS框架构建了具有路由机制的图结构记忆库,学习可置换的记忆表示,确保输入排列不变性,同时通过选择性状态空间传播实现自适应。此外,FACTS支持高维序列的并行计算。我们在多种任务上进行实证评估,包括多变量时间序列预测、以对象为中心的世界建模和时空图预测,结果表明,尽管采用通用世界建模设计,FACTS在各项任务中均持续优于或媲美专门的最先进模型。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
World modelling is essential for understanding and predicting the dynamics of complex systems by learning both spatial and temporal dependencies. However, current frameworks, such as Transformers and selective state-space models like Mambas, exhibit limitations in efficiently encoding spatial and temporal structures, particularly in scenarios requiring long-term high-dimensional sequence modelling. To address these issues, we propose a novel recurrent framework, the \textbf{FACT}ored \textbf{S}tate-space (\textbf{FACTS}) model, for spatial-temporal world modelling. The FACTS framework constructs a graph-structured memory with a routing mechanism that learns permutable memory representations, ensuring invariance to input permutations while adapting through selective state-space propagation. Furthermore, FACTS supports parallel computation of high-dimensional sequences. We empirically evaluate FACTS across diverse tasks, including multivariate time series forecasting, object-centric world modelling, and spatial-temporal graph prediction, demonstrating that it consistently outperforms or matches specialised state-of-the-art models, despite its general-purpose world modelling design.
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