研究发现说唱制作人决定嘻哈音乐声学风格，说唱歌手追随制作人声音特征。
Producer vs. Rapper: Who Dominates the Hip Hop Sound? A Case Study
- 用自组织映射分析三位制作人作品的声学特征。
- 制作人声学特征在相位差图中独特，说唱歌手模仿其风格。
- 适合对音乐制作、音频分析感兴趣的读者。
在嘻哈音乐中，说唱歌手与制作人角色不同但共同塑造整体音色：说唱歌手贡献人声，制作人负责编曲与混音。本案例研究使用自组织映射（SOM）分析由Dr. Dre、Rick Rubin和Timbaland制作的歌曲，基于立体声相位计（goniometer）与梅尔频率倒谱系数（MFCCs）。研究发现，制作人在相位差图中具有独特的声学特征，而该特征在MFCC中不那么显著。进一步测试显示，与埃米纳姆、杰伊-齐、LL Cool J及纳斯的合作作品均沿袭了制作人的声学风格。由于这些说唱歌手也参与制作，研究还探讨了他们早期受制作风格影响的程度，结果表明他们作为制作人时的声音特征仍受引路人影响。结论清晰：制作人主导嘻哈音乐的声学风格，说唱歌手则延续其制作人设定的声音模式。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
In hip-hop music, rappers and producers play important, but rather different roles. However, both contribute to the overall sound, as rappers bring in their voice, while producers are responsible for the music composition and mix. In this case report, we trained Self-Organizing Maps (SOMs) with songs produced by Dr. Dre, Rick Rubin and Timbaland using the goniometer and Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCCs). With these maps, we investigate whether hip hop producers have a unique sound profile. Then, we test whether collaborations with the rappers Eminem, Jay-Z, LL Cool J and Nas stick to, or break out of this sound profile. As these rappers are also producers of some songs, we investigate how much their sound profile is influenced by the producers who introduced them to beat making. The results speak a clear language: producers have their own sound profile that is unique concerning the goniometer, and less distinct concerning MFCCs. They dominate the sound of hip hop music over rappers, who emulate the sound profile of the producers who introduced them to beat making.
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