arXiv:2410.21406cs.RO2024-10

提出非线性动作映射,但发现其效果不如线性方法,提示需从数据和行为分析入手。

Investigating the Benefits of Nonlinear Action Maps in Data-Driven Teleoperation

  • 设计端到端非线性动作映射,使其对用户操作呈奇函数特性。
  • 实验显示非线性映射在多数控制空间仍近似线性,性能提升微弱。
  • 强调数据增强与人类行为分析比网络结构更重要,适合辅助机器人研究者。

随着机器人在健康人群及残障人士中的普及,让普通人用低维控制器操控多自由度机械臂变得愈发重要。一种方法是使用状态条件的动作映射,学习低维控制器与高自由度机械臂之间的映射关系——已有研究表明这能简化远程操控体验。近期工作指出,预测局部线性函数的神经网络优于传统的全连接网络,因其便于用户撤销操作,提供更好控制感。然而,局部线性模型假设动作位于线性子空间,可能无法捕捉训练数据中的细微动作特征。我们观察到,这类映射的优势源于其对用户输入呈奇函数性质,并提出端到端的非线性动作映射以实现该特性。但实验表明,此类改进带来的优势极为有限。我们发现,非线性奇函数在大多数控制空间中表现近似线性,说明架构改进并非数据驱动遥操作的关键因素。结果提示,未来应关注数据增强技术与人类行为分析,才能使动作映射真正适用于辅助机器人等现实场景,提升残障人士生活质量。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

As robots become more common for both able-bodied individuals and those living with a disability, it is increasingly important that lay people be able to drive multi-degree-of-freedom platforms with low-dimensional controllers. One approach is to use state-conditioned action mapping methods to learn mappings between low-dimensional controllers and high DOF manipulators -- prior research suggests these mappings can simplify the teleoperation experience for users. Recent works suggest that neural networks predicting a local linear function are superior to the typical end-to-end multi-layer perceptrons because they allow users to more easily undo actions, providing more control over the system. However, local linear models assume actions exist on a linear subspace and may not capture nuanced actions in training data. We observe that the benefit of these mappings is being an odd function concerning user actions, and propose end-to-end nonlinear action maps which achieve this property. Unfortunately, our experiments show that such modifications offer minimal advantages over previous solutions. We find that nonlinear odd functions behave linearly for most of the control space, suggesting architecture structure improvements are not the primary factor in data-driven teleoperation. Our results suggest other avenues, such as data augmentation techniques and analysis of human behavior, are necessary for action maps to become practical in real-world applications, such as in assistive robotics to improve the quality of life of people living with w disability.

遥操作动作映射辅助机器人

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