让程序直接当强化学习智能体,边学边生成可读代码。
Human-Readable Programs as Actors of Reinforcement Learning Agents Using Critic-Moderated Evolution
- 用TD3批评家指导遗传算法,边训练边生成程序
- 在网格环境中实现高奖励表现与低样本消耗
- 代码可读且适合需要解释性的实际应用
随着深度强化学习在真实系统控制中的广泛应用,其核心神经网络的黑箱特性引发透明度担忧。程序化强化学习(PRL)可通过生成源代码提升控制器的可解释性并支持用户修改。但现有方法仅在学习后将黑箱策略蒸馏为程序,依赖行为输出的均方误差,忽略强化学习算法的其他要素,导致蒸馏后的策略性能显著下降。本文提出直接以程序作为强化学习智能体的策略,在TD3基础上,利用其批评家构建遗传算法的目标函数,实现训练过程中动态生成程序。该方法使程序自然趋向高奖励,而非仅匹配行为。同时借助批评家评估,相比纯遗传方法大幅提高采样效率。实验在简单网格世界中验证了该方法的有效性、可解释性与样本高效性。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
With Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) being increasingly considered for the control of real-world systems, the lack of transparency of the neural network at the core of RL becomes a concern. Programmatic Reinforcement Learning (PRL) is able to to create representations of this black-box in the form of source code, not only increasing the explainability of the controller but also allowing for user adaptations. However, these methods focus on distilling a black-box policy into a program and do so after learning using the Mean Squared Error between produced and wanted behaviour, discarding other elements of the RL algorithm. The distilled policy may therefore perform significantly worse than the black-box learned policy. In this paper, we propose to directly learn a program as the policy of an RL agent. We build on TD3 and use its critics as the basis of the objective function of a genetic algorithm that syntheses the program. Our approach builds the program during training, as opposed to after the fact. This steers the program to actual high rewards, instead of a simple Mean Squared Error. Also, our approach leverages the TD3 critics to achieve high sample-efficiency, as opposed to pure genetic methods that rely on Monte-Carlo evaluations. Our experiments demonstrate the validity, explainability and sample-efficiency of our approach in a simple gridworld environment.
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