分析谷歌搜索算法对三国新闻多样性的影响，发现其倾向少数主流媒体。
Auditing Google's Search Algorithm: Measuring News Diversity Across Brazil, the UK, and the US
- 用赫芬达尔-赫希曼指数和吉尼系数量化新闻源集中度。
- 22万条搜索结果显示算法偏好热门、全国性媒体且有轻微左倾倾向。
- 适合关注算法透明度与信息公平性的研究者和公众阅读。
本研究通过分析巴西、英国和美国的谷歌搜索结果，考察其算法对新闻多样性的影响。采用算法审计方法，利用赫芬达尔-赫希曼指数（HHI）和吉尼系数衡量新闻源集中度，揭示显著的集中趋势。研究强调需在多查询层面进行横向分析，单一结果页可能掩盖整体模式。评估了热度、政治偏见和时效性对排名的影响，发现搜索结果存在轻微左倾倾向，且更青睐热门、全国性媒体。这一倾向结合对近期内容的偏好，表明谷歌算法可能加剧现有媒体不平等。基于迄今最大的数据集——221,863条搜索结果，研究提供了关于算法如何塑造公众获取新闻渠道的全面、纵向洞察。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
This study examines the influence of Google's search algorithm on news diversity by analyzing search results in Brazil, the UK, and the US. It explores how Google's system preferentially favors a limited number of news outlets. Utilizing algorithm auditing techniques, the research measures source concentration with the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) and Gini coefficient, revealing significant concentration trends. The study underscores the importance of conducting horizontal analyses across multiple search queries, as focusing solely on individual results pages may obscure these patterns. Factors such as popularity, political bias, and recency were evaluated for their impact on news rankings. Findings indicate a slight leftward bias in search outcomes and a preference for popular, often national outlets. This bias, combined with a tendency to prioritize recent content, suggests that Google's algorithm may reinforce existing media inequalities. By analyzing the largest dataset to date -- 221,863 search results -- this research provides comprehensive, longitudinal insights into how algorithms shape public access to diverse news sources.
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