让机器人根据环境变化自适应调整抓取策略,提升鲁棒性与反应能力。
A context-adaptive policy framework for robust and reactive robotic manipulation via uncertainty-aware imitation learning
- 基于模仿学习构建条件化策略,融合任务参数与不确定性感知
- 在真实7自由度机械臂上实现三种场景下稳定抓取与操作
- 适合需要灵活应变的工业机器人、服务机器人应用
生成能适应环境变化的鲁棒且具备响应能力的操控策略是机器人领域的挑战。近年来,通过示范学习(LfD)已成为生成响应式策略的有效方法,尤其依赖动态系统(DS)方法。然而,现有主流基于DS的方法多聚焦于解决鲁棒性问题,忽视了对环境变化的策略调节,导致其在任务相关参数上的可调性差。本文在已有策略融合与不确定性量化基础上,提出一种上下文自适应策略框架,结合任务参数化、鲁棒性与响应性操控。利用LfD获取以机器人状态和低维任务相关参数为条件的策略,并通过混合专家(MoE)结构融合额外的不确定性感知策略,以增强其在分布外(OOD)情况下的鲁棒性与收敛性能。该方法在LASA手写数据集及一台真实7-DoF机器人上进行评估,涵盖三种场景:力控抓取、柔性食物操作和以物体为中心的抓取。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Generating robust and reactive manipulation strategies that can adapt to changing context information is a challenging task in robotics. Over the years, Learning from Demonstration (LfD) has emerged as an intuitive and effective solution for generating reactive policies, particularly by following dynamical-system(DS)-based approaches. However, most state-of-the-art DS-based approaches focus on addressing the robustness limitations, overlooking the modulation of policies in response to the environment. As a result, they tend to be inflexible with respect to parameterization by task-dependent variables. In this work, we build on existing work on policy fusion and uncertainty quantification to propose a context-adaptive policy framework that combines task-parameterized, robust and reactive manipulation. For this, we use LfD to acquire a policy that is conditioned on the robot state and low-dimensional task-dependent parameters reflecting the environment. We combine the learned policy with additional uncertainty-aware policies using a Mixture of Experts (MoE) formulation to improve its out-of-distribution (OOD) robustness and convergence behavior. The approach is evaluated on the LASA handwriting dataset and on a real 7-DoF robot in three scenarios: force-conditioned grasping, manipulation of deformable food items and object-centric grasping.
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