arXiv:2411.00205cs.LGcs.AI2024-11NeurIPS被引 25

用自动机组合表示时间目标,让强化学习更灵活地完成复杂任务。

Compositional Automata Embeddings for Goal-Conditioned Reinforcement Learning

  • 用确定性有限自动机组合表达时序目标,逻辑清晰易懂。
  • 预训练图神经网络提取自动机嵌入,实现零样本泛化。
  • 适合需要动态规划复杂行为的智能体任务研究者。

目标条件强化学习是实时控制智能体行为的有效方法。然而,常见目标表示如目标状态或自然语言,要么仅适用于马尔可夫任务,要么依赖模糊的任务语义。本文提出使用确定性有限自动机的组合(cDFAs)表示时序目标,并以此指导强化学习代理。cDFAs在形式化时序语义与可解释性之间取得平衡:只要能看懂流程图,就能理解cDFA。同时,cDFAs构成可数无限的概念类,具有布尔语义,细微修改即导致任务差异显著,使智能体难以准确响应。为此,我们观察到所有自动机路径对应一系列“到达-避免”任务,提出在由“到达-避免”衍生的自动机上预训练图神经网络嵌入。实证表明,该方法可在多种cDFA任务类别中实现零样本泛化,并加速策略特化,且无层次方法的短视次优问题。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Goal-conditioned reinforcement learning is a powerful way to control an AI agent's behavior at runtime. That said, popular goal representations, e.g., target states or natural language, are either limited to Markovian tasks or rely on ambiguous task semantics. We propose representing temporal goals using compositions of deterministic finite automata (cDFAs) and use cDFAs to guide RL agents. cDFAs balance the need for formal temporal semantics with ease of interpretation: if one can understand a flow chart, one can understand a cDFA. On the other hand, cDFAs form a countably infinite concept class with Boolean semantics, and subtle changes to the automaton can result in very different tasks, making them difficult to condition agent behavior on. To address this, we observe that all paths through a DFA correspond to a series of reach-avoid tasks and propose pre-training graph neural network embeddings on "reach-avoid derived" DFAs. Through empirical evaluation, we demonstrate that the proposed pre-training method enables zero-shot generalization to various cDFA task classes and accelerated policy specialization without the myopic suboptimality of hierarchical methods.

强化学习时序目标自动机零样本

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