arXiv:2411.00948q-bio.TOcs.CV2024-11综述被引 5

多路病理成像让单张切片同时看多个生物标志物,提升疾病诊断精度。

Multiplex Imaging Analysis in Pathology: a Comprehensive Review on Analytical Approaches and Digital Toolkits

  • 用AI平台自动分析多标记图像,替代人工判读
  • 支持空间转录组与免疫荧光联合分析,揭示细胞互作机制
  • 适合临床研究和病理诊断,提高分析效率与可重复性

传统组织病理学依赖对组织切片的视觉检查进行疾病诊断。免疫组化虽能检测特定生物标志物,但受限于单一标记能力,难以全面反映组织微环境。多路成像技术(如多重免疫荧光和空间转录组学)可在同一切片上同步可视化多个生物标志物,将形态学信息与分子及空间信息融合,提供更完整的组织微环境、细胞相互作用及疾病机制图景,对理解疾病进展、预后及治疗反应至关重要。然而,多路成像产生的海量数据需要复杂的计算方法进行预处理、分割、特征提取和空间分析。这些工具对于管理大型多维数据集、将原始图像数据转化为可行动洞察至关重要。通过自动化耗时任务并提升可重复性与准确性,计算工具在诊断与研究中发挥关键作用。本文综述了病理学中多路成像的现状,详述工作流程与关键技术,如PathML——一个由AI驱动的平台,可简化图像分析,使复杂数据解读在临床和研究环境中更易实现。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Conventional histopathology has long been essential for disease diagnosis, relying on visual inspection of tissue sections. Immunohistochemistry aids in detecting specific biomarkers but is limited by its single-marker approach, restricting its ability to capture the full tissue environment. The advent of multiplexed imaging technologies, like multiplexed immunofluorescence and spatial transcriptomics, allows for simultaneous visualization of multiple biomarkers in a single section, enhancing morphological data with molecular and spatial information. This provides a more comprehensive view of the tissue microenvironment, cellular interactions, and disease mechanisms - crucial for understanding disease progression, prognosis, and treatment response. However, the extensive data from multiplexed imaging necessitates sophisticated computational methods for preprocessing, segmentation, feature extraction, and spatial analysis. These tools are vital for managing large, multidimensional datasets, converting raw imaging data into actionable insights. By automating labor-intensive tasks and enhancing reproducibility and accuracy, computational tools are pivotal in diagnostics and research. This review explores the current landscape of multiplexed imaging in pathology, detailing workflows and key technologies like PathML, an AI-powered platform that streamlines image analysis, making complex dataset interpretation accessible for clinical and research settings.

病理分析多路成像AI辅助空间组学

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