首次观测到全球持续9天的异常地震波，证实其源于格陵兰峡湾巨浪引发的海啸振荡。
First observations of the seiche that shook the world
- 利用卫星测高数据，首次直接观测到格陵兰峡湾巨浪后的海啸振荡现象。
- 通过贝叶斯机器学习分析，估算出海啸振荡初始幅度为7.9米。
- 展示卫星测高在极端事件研究中的价值，适合关注气候变化与海洋动力学的研究者。
2023年9月16日，全球观测到一个10.88 mHz的异常地震信号，持续9天。一个月后，相同信号再次出现，持续一周。多项研究表明，该信号可能由两次格陵兰东部峡湾的滑坡引发巨浪后形成的驻波（seiche）所致。这一理论得到地震反演及解析与数值模拟的支持，但此前缺乏直接观测证据。本文利用最新的地表水与海洋地形测绘任务（SWOT）数据，首次实现了对该现象的直接观测。通过排除其他海洋过程干扰，验证了先前作者提出的驻波理论，并结合贝叶斯机器学习与地震数据，独立估算出其初始振幅为7.9米。本研究展示了卫星测高在极端事件研究中的潜力，同时也凸显了其时间稀疏性带来的挑战，强调需发展专门方法应对。这些数据与方法将有助于理解未来由气候变化驱动的未知极端事件。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
On September 16th, 2023, an anomalous 10.88 mHz seismic signal was observed globally, persisting for 9 days. One month later an identical signal appeared, lasting for another week. Several studies have theorized that these signals were produced by seiches which formed after two landslide generated mega-tsunamis in an East-Greenland fjord. This theory is supported by seismic inversions, and analytical and numerical modeling, but no direct observations have been made -- until now. Using data from the new Surface Water Ocean Topography mission, we present the first observations of this phenomenon. By ruling out other oceanographic processes, we validate the seiche theory of previous authors and independently estimate its initial amplitude at 7.9 m using Bayesian machine learning and seismic data. This study demonstrates the value of satellite altimetry for studying extreme events, while also highlighting the need for specialized methods to address the altimetric data's limitations, namely temporal sparsity. These data and approaches will help in understanding future unseen extremes driven by climate change.
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