arXiv:2411.03042cs.CL2024-11NeurIPS被引 5

改进Transformer架构,通过预测-校正机制降低误差,提升语言模型性能。

Predictor-Corrector Enhanced Transformers with Exponential Moving Average Coefficient Learning

  • 采用高阶预测与多步校正结合的框架,减少数值误差。
  • 在WMT14英德/英法翻译任务中分别达到30.95和44.27的BLEU得分。
  • 参数量仅为1/3却超越3.8B DeepNet和Llama模型,适合高效大模型设计。

残差网络作为常微分方程(ODE)的离散近似,推动了神经网络设计的发展,包括多步法、高阶方法及多粒子动力系统。解ODE的精度显著影响参数优化,进而决定模型表现。本文对Transformer架构设计展开一系列深入探索,以最小化与真实“解”的误差。首先提出预测-校正学习框架,包含高阶预测器与多步校正器;其次提出基于指数移动平均的系数学习方法,强化高阶预测能力。在大规模机器翻译、摘要生成、语言建模和自然语言理解基准上的实验表明,该方法优势显著。在WMT'14英德与英法任务中,模型分别取得30.95和44.27的BLEU分数。在OPUS多语言翻译任务中,仅用1/3参数量即超越3.8B DeepNet平均2.9 SacreBLEU。尤其在LM Harness评估中,比Llama模型高出5.7准确率点。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Residual networks, as discrete approximations of Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs), have inspired significant advancements in neural network design, including multistep methods, high-order methods, and multi-particle dynamical systems. The precision of the solution to ODEs significantly affects parameter optimization, thereby impacting model performance. In this work, we present a series of advanced explorations of Transformer architecture design to minimize the error compared to the true ``solution.'' First, we introduce a predictor-corrector learning framework to minimize truncation errors, which consists of a high-order predictor and a multistep corrector. Second, we propose an exponential moving average-based coefficient learning method to strengthen our higher-order predictor. Extensive experiments on large-scale machine translation, abstractive summarization, language modeling, and natural language understanding benchmarks demonstrate the superiority of our approach. On the WMT'14 English-German and English-French tasks, our model achieved BLEU scores of 30.95 and 44.27, respectively. Furthermore, on the OPUS multilingual machine translation task, our model surpasses a robust 3.8B DeepNet by an average of 2.9 SacreBLEU, using only 1/3 parameters. Notably, it also beats LLama models by 5.7 accuracy points on the LM Harness Evaluation.

TransformerOde语言模型高效训练

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