arXiv:2411.03156cond-mat.mtrl-scics.LG2024-11被引 1

用生成模型逆向设计晶体结构,无需超算即可高效发现新材料。

Unleashing the power of novel conditional generative approaches for new materials discovery

  • 通过条件生成与优化,从目标性能反推晶体结构。
  • 生成模型准确率达82%,修饰模型达41%。
  • 适合材料设计与加速发现的研究者使用。

长期以来,新材料设计依赖于迭代候选材料并建模其性质的计算方法。人工智能在此过程中发挥了关键作用,通过先进计算方法和数据驱动策略加速了晶体结构与性质的发现与优化。为解决新材料设计难题并加快搜索速度,本文采用最新的生成方法求解晶体结构设计的逆问题:在不依赖超算的前提下,根据给定性质生成满足条件的结构。提出两种方法:1)条件结构修正——优化任意原子构型的稳定性,利用最稳定结构与所有较不稳定多晶型之间的能量差;2)条件结构生成。采用包含晶格、原子坐标、原子类型、化学特征、空间群及结构形成能的信息表示。损失函数考虑了晶体结构的周期性边界条件。对比了扩散模型、流匹配(Flow matching)、标准自编码器(AE)的效果。以物理工具PyMatGen匹配器为评估指标,比较目标结构与生成结构,使用默认容差。目前,修正器和生成器分别实现41%和82%的准确率。为验证方法有效性,推理生成了多个形成能低于AFLOW凸包的新结构,表明其具备实际应用潜力。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

For a very long time, computational approaches to the design of new materials have relied on an iterative process of finding a candidate material and modeling its properties. AI has played a crucial role in this regard, helping to accelerate the discovery and optimization of crystal properties and structures through advanced computational methodologies and data-driven approaches. To address the problem of new materials design and fasten the process of new materials search, we have applied latest generative approaches to the problem of crystal structure design, trying to solve the inverse problem: by given properties generate a structure that satisfies them without utilizing supercomputer powers. In our work we propose two approaches: 1) conditional structure modification: optimization of the stability of an arbitrary atomic configuration, using the energy difference between the most energetically favorable structure and all its less stable polymorphs and 2) conditional structure generation. We used a representation for materials that includes the following information: lattice, atom coordinates, atom types, chemical features, space group and formation energy of the structure. The loss function was optimized to take into account the periodic boundary conditions of crystal structures. We have applied Diffusion models approach, Flow matching, usual Autoencoder (AE) and compared the results of the models and approaches. As a metric for the study, physical PyMatGen matcher was employed: we compare target structure with generated one using default tolerances. So far, our modifier and generator produce structures with needed properties with accuracy 41% and 82% respectively. To prove the offered methodology efficiency, inference have been carried out, resulting in several potentially new structures with formation energy below the AFLOW-derived convex hulls.

材料发现生成模型晶体结构逆设计

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