让人形机器人快速穿越各类门,实现自主导航与操作。
A Behavior Architecture for Fast Humanoid Robot Door Traversals
- 用树状行为架构实现多任务并发执行,提升响应速度。
- 支持新门型快速建模,已实现在Nadia机器人上多种门的通行。
- 融合神经网络与传统视觉,适应真实环境复杂场景。
为使人形机器人在城市作战等场景中作为战斗伙伴,我们识别出门是当前能力薄弱的关键环节。本文聚焦人形机器人对门的自主导航与操作能力。人形尺寸的门在众多环境中普遍存在,而人形机器人结构特别适合此类操作。我们提出一种架构,包含GPU加速感知与基于树的交互式行为协调系统,结合全身运动与行走控制器。该系统可处理多种门型,支持未见门型的快速行为建模,并实现行为复用。行为以树结构建模,具备逻辑反应与动作序列,支持分层并发以提速。基础动作基于现有全身控制器,支持行走时操作。感知系统融合神经网络与经典计算机视觉,可在非实验室环境下检测门机构。我们还通过操作员-机器人互依性分析图表,探索人类认知与人工智能协同生成复杂行为的机制。最后展示并讨论了在Nadia人形机器人上的真实表现,视频详见:https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLXuyT8w3JVgMPaB5nWNRNHtqzRK8i68dy。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Towards the role of humanoid robots as squad mates in urban operations and other domains, we identified doors as a major area lacking capability development. In this paper, we focus on the ability of humanoid robots to navigate and deal with doors. Human-sized doors are ubiquitous in many environment domains and the humanoid form factor is uniquely suited to operate and traverse them. We present an architecture which incorporates GPU accelerated perception and a tree based interactive behavior coordination system with a whole body motion and walking controller. Our system is capable of performing door traversals on a variety of door types. It supports rapid authoring of behaviors for unseen door types and techniques to achieve re-usability of those authored behaviors. The behaviors are modelled using trees and feature logical reactivity and action sequences that can be executed with layered concurrency to increase speed. Primitive actions are built on top of our existing whole body controller which supports manipulation while walking. We include a perception system using both neural networks and classical computer vision for door mechanism detection outside of the lab environment. We present operator-robot interdependence analysis charts to explore how human cognition is combined with artificial intelligence to produce complex robot behavior. Finally, we present and discuss real robot performances of fast door traversals on our Nadia humanoid robot. Videos online at https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLXuyT8w3JVgMPaB5nWNRNHtqzRK8i68dy.
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