arXiv:2411.04046cs.ROcs.SY2024-11

用小型机器人稳定火箭飞行中的载荷姿态,抗高过载与振动。

Design and control of a robotic payload stabilization mechanism for rocket flights

  • 基于斯特劳斯平台设计三自由度微型机器人,适配4U立方星空间。
  • 通过三组微伺服电机实时调整平行板姿态,抵消飞行中变化的倾角。
  • 首次在立方星内实现复杂机器人控制,适合小体积航天器载荷稳定场景。

本文介绍由thrustMIT火箭团队研发的三自由度(DoF)并联机器人'STEWIE',作为其探空火箭'Altair'的载荷稳定装置。该机器人旨在应对火箭飞行过程中持续变化的姿态,保持载荷稳定。同时,需克服高重力加速度(G-forces)和剧烈振动。设计灵感源自标准斯特劳斯平台,经缩小以适配4U立方星内部空间。机器人采用三组微伺服电机驱动连杆,控制平行板对齐。此外,还开发了鲁棒的控制系统以实现精准操控。本研究展示了复杂机器人系统在小型、受限空间(如立方星)中的成功应用,为航空航天领域小型化空间机器人技术带来重要进展。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

The use of parallel manipulators in aerospace engineering has gained significant attention due to their ability to provide improved stability and precision. This paper presents the design, control, and analysis of 'STEWIE', which is a three-degree-of-freedom (DoF) parallel manipulator robot developed by members of the thrustMIT rocketry team, as a payload stabilization mechanism for their sounding rocket, 'Altair'. The goal of the robot was to demonstrate the attitude control of the parallel plate against the continuous change in orientation experienced by the rocket during its flight, stabilizing the payloads. At the same time, the high gravitational forces (G-forces) and vibrations experienced by the sounding rocket are counteracted. A novel design of the mechanism, inspired by a standard Stewart platform, is proposed which was down-scaled to fit inside a 4U CubeSat within its space constraints. The robot uses three micro servo motors to actuate the links that control the alignment of the parallel plate. In addition to the actuation mechanism, a robust control system for its manipulation was developed for the robot. The robot represents a significant advancement in the field of space robotics in the aerospace industry by demonstrating the successful implementation of complex robotic mechanisms in small, confined spaces such as CubeSats, which are standard form factors for large payloads in the aerospace industry.

空间机器人载荷稳定并联机构立方星

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