用能力视角评估语言技术偏见，关注真实社区需求与公平。
A Capabilities Approach to Studying Bias and Harm in Language Technologies
- 以能力理论替代资源分配视角，关注多元语境下人的实际能为
- 强调多语言多文化评估中需结合社区真实需求定义技术危害
- 适合关注技术公平、跨文化研究的学者与实践者
主流自然语言处理研究忽视了世界上大多数语言。从排除多数语言转向盲目套用英语技术，可能再次引入已被部分缓解甚至测量过的损害。在评估和缓解新技术带来的危害时，我们常忽略（1）语言技术的实际社区需求，（2）社区内部的偏见与公平问题。本文通过能力方法论审视语言技术中的公平、偏见与包容性。该方法关注个体在社会、政治、经济交织背景下的实际能为，而非理论上可获得的资源。文章阐述该方法与多语言多文化评估的关系，并说明其如何促进与社区成员协作，共同定义和衡量语言技术的危害。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Mainstream Natural Language Processing (NLP) research has ignored the majority of the world's languages. In moving from excluding the majority of the world's languages to blindly adopting what we make for English, we first risk importing the same harms we have at best mitigated and at least measured for English. However, in evaluating and mitigating harms arising from adopting new technologies into such contexts, we often disregard (1) the actual community needs of Language Technologies, and (2) biases and fairness issues within the context of the communities. In this extended abstract, we consider fairness, bias, and inclusion in Language Technologies through the lens of the Capabilities Approach. The Capabilities Approach centers on what people are capable of achieving, given their intersectional social, political, and economic contexts instead of what resources are (theoretically) available to them. We detail the Capabilities Approach, its relationship to multilingual and multicultural evaluation, and how the framework affords meaningful collaboration with community members in defining and measuring the harms of Language Technologies.
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