arXiv:2411.04374cs.RO2024-11被引 11

用触觉度量规划机器人推书上架,解决空间拥挤时的策略难题。

Planning for quasi-static manipulation tasks via an intrinsic haptic metric: a book insertion case study

  • 将推挤动作建模为基于平衡条件的隐式流形上的规划问题
  • 通过触觉度量自动发现推挤开书以腾位置的智能策略
  • 适用于各类刚体操作任务,尤其适合狭窄空间中的接触密集操作

在拥挤书架中插入新书需推动邻近书籍腾出空间,传统规划算法因避碰倾向与空间不足而失效,且无法处理间接可操纵物体及力交互。本文提出将准静态操作重构为基于平衡条件的隐式流形上的规划问题,采用内在触觉度量替代人工成本函数,并设计自适应算法同步更新机器人状态、物体位置、接触点与触觉距离。通过超椭圆建模物体并代理接触点与力,实现模型可微分。在真实感书架场景下验证,框架能自主发现楔入式策略,行为接近现实;通过调整刚度与初始位置进行系统评估,方法具备泛化能力,适用于刚体操作任务。视频演示见 https://youtu.be/eab8umZ3AQ0。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Contact-rich manipulation often requires strategic interactions with objects, such as pushing to accomplish specific tasks. We propose a novel scenario where a robot inserts a book into a crowded shelf by pushing aside neighboring books to create space before slotting the new book into place. Classical planning algorithms fail in this context due to limited space and their tendency to avoid contact. Additionally, they do not handle indirectly manipulable objects or consider force interactions. Our key contributions are: i) reframing quasi-static manipulation as a planning problem on an implicit manifold derived from equilibrium conditions; ii) utilizing an intrinsic haptic metric instead of ad-hoc cost functions; and iii) proposing an adaptive algorithm that simultaneously updates robot states, object positions, contact points, and haptic distances. We evaluate our method on a crowded bookshelf insertion task, and it can be generally applied to rigid body manipulation tasks. We propose proxies to capture contact points and forces, with superellipses to represent objects. This simplified model guarantees differentiability. Our framework autonomously discovers strategic wedging-in policies while our simplified contact model achieves behavior similar to real world scenarios. We also vary the stiffness and initial positions to analyze our framework comprehensively. The video can be found at https://youtu.be/eab8umZ3AQ0.

机器人操作触觉规划路径规划

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