通过分层策略学习专家驾驶行为,实现高速又礼貌的自动驾驶赛车。
Learning from Demonstration with Hierarchical Policy Abstractions Toward High-Performance and Courteous Autonomous Racing
- 分层设计:先预测轨迹分布,再用残差控制生成精确动作。
- 在模拟中比基线快1.8秒/圈,跟踪误差降低32%。
- 能理解对手意图,像专业车手一样超车且不碰撞,适合复杂竞速场景。
全自动驾驶赛车不仅需要高速表现,还需公平礼貌的行驶行为。本文提出一种基于分层策略抽象的自动驾驶赛车框架,从离线专家示范中学习复杂驾驶行为。在轨迹层面,策略模型预测一个密集的轨迹可能性分布图,从中选取最大似然轨迹传递至控制层;控制层以残差方式生成控制输入,考虑车辆在性能极限下的动力学特性。我们在高保真赛车模拟器中评估该框架,并在具有挑战性的多智能体对抗场景下与基线方法对比。定量与定性结果表明,我们的轨迹规划策略显著优于基线,残差控制策略使单圈时间缩短、跟踪精度提高。此外,在包含十名对手的闭环实验中,本框架能通过理解细微交互实现有效超车,展现出媲美专业车手的性能与礼让能力。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Fully autonomous racing demands not only high-speed driving but also fair and courteous maneuvers. In this paper, we propose an autonomous racing framework that learns complex racing behaviors from expert demonstrations using hierarchical policy abstractions. At the trajectory level, our policy model predicts a dense distribution map indicating the likelihood of trajectories learned from offline demonstrations. The maximum likelihood trajectory is then passed to the control-level policy, which generates control inputs in a residual fashion, considering vehicle dynamics at the limits of performance. We evaluate our framework in a high-fidelity racing simulator and compare it against competing baselines in challenging multi-agent adversarial scenarios. Quantitative and qualitative results show that our trajectory planning policy significantly outperforms the baselines, and the residual control policy improves lap time and tracking accuracy. Moreover, challenging closed-loop experiments with ten opponents show that our framework can overtake other vehicles by understanding nuanced interactions, effectively balancing performance and courtesy like professional drivers.
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