用大语言模型增强CLIP,让图文匹配更准更强。
LLM2CLIP: Powerful Language Model Unlocks Richer Cross-Modality Representation
- 将LLM转化为CLIP可用的嵌入形式,轻量适配融合视觉编码器
- 仅用数百万图文对微调,性能超越EVA02、SigLIP-2等先进模型
- 适用于长文本匹配、多语言检索、分割检测等广泛任务
CLIP通过对比学习在数十亿图像-标题对上构建图文共享表示空间,是开创性多模态模型。受大语言模型(LLMs)快速进展启发,我们探索其卓越的语言理解与世界知识如何进一步增强CLIP,尤其在处理长而复杂的标题时。提出一种高效微调框架,将LLM融入预训练CLIP,训练成本几乎与标准CLIP微调相当。方法首先将LLM转换为适配CLIP的嵌入形式,再通过仅需数百万图文对训练的轻量适配器与预训练视觉编码器耦合。该策略无需大规模重训练即实现显著性能提升,优于EVA02和SigLIP-2等当前最优变体。增强后的CLIP在多项下游任务中表现一致优异,涵盖线性探测分类、零样本图像-文本检索(短/长标题,中英文)、零样本与有监督图像分割、目标检测,以及作为多模态大模型基准的分词器骨干。代码与模型已在 https://aka.ms/llm2clip 公开。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
CLIP is a seminal multimodal model that maps images and text into a shared representation space through contrastive learning on billions of image-caption pairs. Inspired by the rapid progress of large language models (LLMs), we investigate how the superior linguistic understanding and broad world knowledge of LLMs can further strengthen CLIP, particularly in handling long and complex captions. We introduce an efficient fine-tuning framework that embeds an LLM into a pretrained CLIP while incurring nearly the same training cost as standard CLIP fine-tuning. Our method first converts the LLM into an embedding-compatible form for the CLIP setting, and then couples it with the pretrained CLIP vision encoder through a lightweight adaptor trained on only a few million image-caption pairs. With this strategy, we achieve large performance gains without large-scale retraining, outperforming state-of-the-art CLIP variants such as EVA02 and SigLIP-2. The LLM-enhanced CLIP delivers consistent improvements across a wide range of downstream tasks, including linear-probe classification, zero-shot image-text retrieval with both short and long captions (in English and other languages), zero-shot and supervised image segmentation, object detection, and serving as a tokenizer backbone for multimodal large-model benchmarks. Code and models are available at: https://aka.ms/llm2clip
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