81%科研人员已用大模型辅助研究，弱势群体受益更多但女性更担忧伦理问题
LLMs as Research Tools: A Large Scale Survey of Researchers' Usage and Perceptions
- 对816位作者进行大规模调研，分析大模型在科研中的实际使用与感知
- 81%研究人员将大模型用于科研流程，非白人、青年等群体使用率更高
- 女性和资深研究者更关注伦理风险，可能影响技术推广
大型语言模型（LLMs）的兴起促使越来越多研究人员将其用于科学工作。尽管部分研究者发现其能增强或自动化研究流程，也有人因潜在风险与伦理问题提出警示。然而，目前尚缺乏对科研人员如何使用及如何看待大模型的量化研究。本文首次基于816位经验证的研究论文作者的大规模调查，揭示研究社区对大模型作为科研工具的使用情况与认知。结果显示，81%的研究人员已在研究流程的不同环节中使用大模型。此外，传统上处于不利地位的群体（非白人、初级研究人员、非英语母语者）报告更高的使用率与感知益处，表明大模型可能有助于提升科研公平性。但女性、非二元性别以及资深研究者表现出更强的伦理担忧，或会阻碍其采纳。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
The rise of large language models (LLMs) has led many researchers to consider their usage for scientific work. Some have found benefits using LLMs to augment or automate aspects of their research pipeline, while others have urged caution due to risks and ethical concerns. Yet little work has sought to quantify and characterize how researchers use LLMs and why. We present the first large-scale survey of 816 verified research article authors to understand how the research community leverages and perceives LLMs as research tools. We examine participants' self-reported LLM usage, finding that 81% of researchers have already incorporated LLMs into different aspects of their research workflow. We also find that traditionally disadvantaged groups in academia (non-White, junior, and non-native English speaking researchers) report higher LLM usage and perceived benefits, suggesting potential for improved research equity. However, women, non-binary, and senior researchers have greater ethical concerns, potentially hindering adoption.
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