为自动驾驶汽车设计可落地的安全管理体系框架
Developing a Safety Management System for the Autonomous Vehicle Industry
- 基于多行业安全经验构建适配自动驾驶的管理框架
- 提出统一安全实践标准，支持全链条风险管控
- 适合政策制定者与车企安全团队参考
安全管理体系（SMS）已在众多高风险行业中应用，并正被引入配备自动化驾驶系统（ADS）的车辆领域。已有数十年部署经验的行业已形成符合自身特点的框架。目前已有多个针对自动驾驶行业的SMS框架被提出或正在开发，这些框架主要借鉴航空业经验，但自动驾驶与航空在诸多方面存在显著差异。因此，有必要重新审视如何构建一个契合自动驾驶行业特性的安全管理体系，借鉴其他高安全敏感行业的通用经验。建立统一的自动驾驶行业安全管理体系框架，将形成一套标准化的安全实践，实现对广泛安全风险的整合管理，推动更成熟的监管体系发展。本文基于严谨的分类体系构建与验证标准，提出一个面向自动驾驶行业的SMS框架，并阐述其合理性。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Safety Management Systems (SMSs) have been used in many safety-critical industries and are now being developed and deployed in the automated driving system (ADS)-equipped vehicle (AV) sector. Industries with decades of SMS deployment have established frameworks tailored to their specific context. Several frameworks for an AV industry SMS have been proposed or are currently under development. These frameworks borrow heavily from the aviation industry although the AV and aviation industries differ in many significant ways. In this context, there is a need to review the approach to develop an SMS that is tailored to the AV industry, building on generalized lessons learned from other safety-sensitive industries. A harmonized AV-industry SMS framework would establish a single set of SMS practices to address management of broad safety risks in an integrated manner and advance the establishment of a more mature regulatory framework. This paper outlines a proposed SMS framework for the AV industry based on robust taxonomy development and validation criteria and provides rationale for such an approach. Keywords: Safety Management System (SMS), Automated Driving System (ADS), ADS-Equipped Vehicle, Autonomous Vehicles (AV)
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