用存内计算架构加速边缘大模型提示调优,解决资源受限下的领域漂移问题。
NVCiM-PT: An NVCiM-assisted Prompt Tuning Framework for Edge LLMs
- 利用存内计算架构将提示调优核心运算转为矩阵乘法,降低计算开销。
- 在有限资源下实现高效提示调优,避免重复训练和性能下降。
- 适合边缘设备部署的轻量级大模型持续学习,尤其适用于低功耗场景。
部署在边缘设备上的大型语言模型(边缘LLM)需在资源受限条件下,从用户生成数据中持续微调模型参数。然而,现有大多数学习方法因依赖高算力和低学习能力而不适用于边缘LLM。提示调优(PT)通过仅修改少量模型参数,成为边缘LLM的有效微调方式,但面临用户领域漂移问题,导致重复训练并丧失资源效率。传统解决领域漂移的方法通常涉及复杂神经网络和精细训练,与边缘LLM的提示调优不兼容。因此,如何在资源受限下解决边缘LLM的领域漂移问题成为开放研究课题。本文提出一种基于非易失性存内计算(NVCiM)架构的提示调优框架,将核心操作简化为矩阵-矩阵乘法,可在NVCiM上直接执行原位计算以加速处理。据我们所知,这是首个利用NVCiM提升边缘LLM提示调优性能的工作。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Large Language Models (LLMs) deployed on edge devices, known as edge LLMs, need to continuously fine-tune their model parameters from user-generated data under limited resource constraints. However, most existing learning methods are not applicable for edge LLMs because of their reliance on high resources and low learning capacity. Prompt tuning (PT) has recently emerged as an effective fine-tuning method for edge LLMs by only modifying a small portion of LLM parameters, but it suffers from user domain shifts, resulting in repetitive training and losing resource efficiency. Conventional techniques to address domain shift issues often involve complex neural networks and sophisticated training, which are incompatible for PT for edge LLMs. Therefore, an open research question is how to address domain shift issues for edge LLMs with limited resources. In this paper, we propose a prompt tuning framework for edge LLMs, exploiting the benefits offered by non-volatile computing-in-memory (NVCiM) architectures. We introduce a novel NVCiM-assisted PT framework, where we narrow down the core operations to matrix-matrix multiplication, which can then be accelerated by performing in-situ computation on NVCiM. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work employing NVCiM to improve the edge LLM PT performance.
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