为电动垂直起降飞机设计节能飞行路径，大幅降低能耗。
Energy Optimal Traversal Between Hover Waypoints for Lift+Cruise Electric Powered Aircraft
- 基于多模式飞行特性优化能量消耗，考虑悬停与巡航切换。
- 500米悬停点间直飞比纯垂直飞行省电71%，在4米/秒侧风下。
- 适用于需长距离高效飞行的电动航空器研发与规划。
先进空中交通飞行器要实现经济可行，必须采用节能的飞行规划。本文针对升力+巡航型电动垂直起降（eVTOL）飞机，定义了从一个悬停航点到另一个的最小能量直接飞行轨迹。能量消耗在加速和巡航阶段进行优化，并考虑了飞行模式转换。由于eVTOL作业起止均为悬停状态，因此引入悬停航点。通过建立各飞行模式下能量消耗与空速的关系模型，证明了多模式飞行路径的能量最优性。风速和风向影响直线飞行的可行性，因升力+巡航型飞机悬停时需朝向相对风向，且存在最大转向速率限制。针对实验验证过的四旋翼飞机（QuadPlane）小规模eVTOL，量化了其在所有飞行模式中空速和加速度对能量与功率的影响。给出了最优的QuadPlane穿越路径，并推导出实现直线穿越所需的加速度与风速约束。结果表明，在典型工况下（4米/秒侧风），500米悬停航点间的直接飞行相比纯垂直飞行可节省71%的能量。本文首次提出含悬停进出转换的eVTOL最优直接轨迹定义。未来工作应扩展至三维飞行与风场建模，并在必要时优化机动基元。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Advanced Air Mobility aircraft require energy efficient flight plans to be economically viable. This paper defines minimum energy direct trajectories between waypoints for Lift+Cruise electric Vertical Take-Off and Landing (eVTOL) aircraft. Energy consumption is optimized over accelerated and cruise flight profiles with consideration of mode transitions. Because eVTOL operations start and end in hover for vertical take-off and landing, hover waypoints are utilized. Energy consumption is modeled as a function of airspeed for each flight mode, providing the basis to prove energy optimality for multi-mode traversal. Wind magnitude and direction dictate feasibility of straight-line traversal because Lift+Cruise aircraft point into the relative wind direction while hovering but also have a maximum heading rate constraint. Energy and power use for an experimentally validated QuadPlane small eVTOL aircraft are characterized with respect to airspeed and acceleration in all flight modes. Optimal QuadPlane traversals are presented. Constraints on acceleration and wind are derived for straight-line QuadPlane traversal. Results show an optimal QuadPlane $500m$ traversal between hover waypoints saves $71\%$ energy compared to pure vertical flight traversal for a representative case study with a direct $4m/s$ crosswind. Energy optimal eVTOL direct trajectory definition with transitions to and from hover is novel to this work. Future work should model three-dimensional flight and wind as well as optimize maneuver primitives when required.
Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. PaperDance 不是 arXiv 官方产品；中文卡片由大模型生成，请以原文为准。