arXiv:2411.09210quant-phcs.LG2024-11

提出算法在噪声下验证量子学习优势,实现高效纠错与结果验证。

Classical Verification of Quantum Learning Advantages with Noises

  • 设计高效经典纠错算法,从含噪样本中恢复无噪结果。
  • 仅需对数级样本即可恢复重要傅里叶系数,适用于大规模问题。
  • 可在噪声设备上验证量子优势,适合当前实际量子硬件应用。

经典验证量子学习能力使经典客户端通过与不可信量子服务器交互,可靠利用量子计算优势。然而,当前实际量子设备普遍存在各类噪声,现有验证协议能否在噪声环境下适用尚不明确。本文提出一种高效的经典误差修正算法,可基于具有恒定水平噪声的量子傅里叶采样电路重构无噪结果。特别地,我们证明该算法仅需随问题规模对数增长的少量噪声样本,即可恢复重要的傅里叶系数。将该算法应用于均匀输入边缘下的模糊奇偶学习任务,证明该任务可在噪声量子设备上以高效方式完成。此外,在傅里叶系数稀疏的前提下,我们证明经典客户端通过随机样例预言机,可高效验证来自噪声量子证明者的模糊奇偶学习结果。研究结果展示了在噪声条件下实现量子学习优势经典验证的可行性,为理论研究和当前噪声中等规模量子设备的实际应用提供了重要指导。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Classical verification of quantum learning allows classical clients to reliably leverage quantum computing advantages by interacting with untrusted quantum servers. Yet, current quantum devices available in practice suffers from a variety of noises and whether existed classical verification protocols carry over to noisy scenarios remains unclear. Here, we propose an efficient classical error rectification algorithm to reconstruct the noise-free results given by the quantum Fourier sampling circuit with practical constant-level noises. In particular, we prove that the error rectification algorithm can restore the heavy Fourier coefficients by using a small number of noisy samples that scales logarithmically with the problem size. We apply this algorithm to the agnostic parity learning task with uniform input marginal and prove that this task can be accomplished in an efficient way on noisy quantum devices with our algorithm. In addition, we prove that a classical client with access to the random example oracle can verify the agnostic parity learning results from the noisy quantum prover in an efficient way, under the condition that the Fourier coefficients are sparse. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of classical verification of quantum learning advantages with noises, which provide a valuable guide for both theoretical studies and practical applications with current noisy intermediate scale quantum devices.

量子学习噪声容忍经典验证傅里叶采样

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