提出一种能处理不一致知识的推理逻辑，让系统在矛盾中仍可得出合理结论。
A logic for reasoning with inconsistent knowledge -- A reformulation using nowadays terminology (2024)
- 将前提视为假设而非绝对真理，通过可靠性关系选择冲突项
- 仅在推导出矛盾时才做选择，否则默认知识一致
- 适合需要容忍信息冲突的AI推理场景
人类在许多情境下需处理不一致的知识，这常源于信息来源不可靠。传统谓词逻辑无法处理此类情况，因它将前提视为绝对真理。本文提出一种新逻辑，将前提视为假设，在不一致情况下仍可推导出有用结论。该逻辑基于N. Rescher的工作进行扩展，引入可靠性关系来在冲突假设间进行选择，且仅当推导出矛盾时才启用选择机制；在未出现矛盾前，系统默认知识一致。由此构建了基于论证的演绎过程。语义上采用Y. Shoham的思想，被证明属于S. Kraus、D. Lehmann和M. Magidor定义的优先语义，因此该逻辑为系统P型逻辑，具备理想非单调逻辑的所有特性。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
In many situations humans have to reason with inconsistent knowledge. These inconsistencies may occur due to not fully reliable sources of information. In order to reason with inconsistent knowledge, it is not possible to view a set of premisses as absolute truths as is done in predicate logic. Viewing the set of premisses as a set of assumptions, however, it is possible to deduce useful conclusions from an inconsistent set of premisses. In this paper a logic for reasoning with inconsistent knowledge is described. This logic is a generalization of the work of N. Rescher [15]. In the logic a reliability relation is used to choose between incompatible assumptions. These choices are only made when a contradiction is derived. As long as no contradiction is derived, the knowledge is assumed to be consistent. This makes it possible to define an argumentation-based deduction process for the logic. For the logic a semantics based on the ideas of Y. Shoham [22, 23], is defined. It turns out that the semantics for the logic is a preferential semantics according to the definition S. Kraus, D. Lehmann and M. Magidor [12]. Therefore the logic is a logic of system P and possesses all the properties of an ideal non-monotonic logic.
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