用小波变换提升图像视频模型抗噪能力,不降性能还更省算力。
RobustFormer: Noise-Robust Pre-training for images and videos
- 用小波变换替代传统下采样,保留低频特征、分离高频噪声。
- 在强噪声下图像分类准确率提升8%,视频识别最高提13%。
- 首次实现小波与MAE预训练兼容,适合带噪声的视觉任务研究者。
尽管基于深度学习的模型(如变压器)已革新时序与视觉任务,但对噪声仍极为敏感,常过拟合于噪声模式而非鲁棒特征。这一问题在依赖像素级细节的视觉变压器中尤为严重。为此,我们采用离散小波变换(DWT),利用其多分辨率分解能力,将噪声主要集中在高频域,同时保留关键低频信息以实现稳健特征学习。然而,传统DWT方法因需后续逆小波变换(IDWT)导致计算效率低下。本文提出RobustFormer,一种新型框架,通过使用DWT实现高效下采样,无需昂贵的IDWT重建,简化注意力机制,专注于噪声鲁棒的多尺度表示,从而支持图像与视频的掩码自编码器(MAE)预训练。据我们所知,RobustFormer是首个完全兼容视频输入与MAE式预训练的小波基方法。大量实验表明,在噪声图像与视频数据集上,该方法在Imagenet-C极端噪声条件下图像分类准确率提升达8%,在Imagenet-P标准基准上提升2.7%,在UCF-101上严重自定义噪声下提升高达13%,且干净数据集性能与基线相当。同时,通过移除IDWT,计算复杂度降低最高达4.4%。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
While deep learning-based models like transformers, have revolutionized time-series and vision tasks, they remain highly susceptible to noise and often overfit on noisy patterns rather than robust features. This issue is exacerbated in vision transformers, which rely on pixel-level details that can easily be corrupt. To address this, we leverage the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) for its ability to decompose into multi-resolution layers, isolating noise primarily in the high frequency domain while preserving essential low-frequency information for resilient feature learning. Conventional DWT-based methods, however, struggle with computational inefficiencies due to the requirement for a subsequent inverse discrete wavelet transform (IDWT) step. In this work, we introduce RobustFormer, a novel framework that enables noise-robust masked autoencoder (MAE) pre-training for both images and videos by using DWT for efficient downsampling, eliminating the need for expensive IDWT reconstruction and simplifying the attention mechanism to focus on noise-resilient multi-scale representations. To our knowledge, RobustFormer is the first DWT-based method fully compatible with video inputs and MAE-style pre-training. Extensive experiments on noisy image and video datasets demonstrate that our approach achieves up to 8% increase in Top-1 classification accuracy under severe noise conditions in Imagenet-C and up to 2.7% in Imagenet-P standard benchmarks compared to the baseline and up to 13% higher Top-1 accuracy on UCF-101 under severe custom noise perturbations while maintaining similar accuracy scores for clean datasets. We also observe the reduction of computation complexity by up to 4.4% through IDWT removal compared to VideoMAE baseline without any performance drop.
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