arXiv:2411.14009cs.ROcs.HC2024-11

对比人类与GPT在多机器人系统中的伦理判断差异,揭示AI决策盲区。

GPT versus Humans: Uncovering Ethical Concerns in Conversational Generative AI-empowered Multi-Robot Systems

  • 通过三场工作坊对比人类专家与GPT代理的伦理讨论
  • 人类更关注偏差、隐私与企业不道德行为等新议题
  • 发现大模型伦理关切仍局限于现有指南,存在认知局限

生成式人工智能(GAI)与大型语言模型(如ChatGPT)推动了软件与机器人技术的发展,但也带来新的伦理挑战。本研究聚焦于大模型在多机器人系统中的应用,考察由此引发的伦理问题。采用定性工作坊方法,开展两场人类专家研讨会(共16人)和一场基于GPT代理的研讨会(7个代理,分两组每组6个,另设1名裁判)。通过主题分析比较结果发现:人类专家更关注偏离行为、数据隐私、偏见及企业不道德行为等新兴议题;而GPT代理则集中于现有AI伦理准则中已有的问题。研究揭示了人类专家思维与大模型输出之间的差距,推动特定场景下AI伦理研究的发展。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

The emergence of generative artificial intelligence (GAI) and large language models (LLMs) such ChatGPT has enabled the realization of long-harbored desires in software and robotic development. The technology however, has brought with it novel ethical challenges. These challenges are compounded by the application of LLMs in other machine learning systems, such as multi-robot systems. The objectives of the study were to examine novel ethical issues arising from the application of LLMs in multi-robot systems. Unfolding ethical issues in GPT agent behavior (deliberation of ethical concerns) was observed, and GPT output was compared with human experts. The article also advances a model for ethical development of multi-robot systems. A qualitative workshop-based method was employed in three workshops for the collection of ethical concerns: two human expert workshops (N=16 participants) and one GPT-agent-based workshop (N=7 agents; two teams of 6 agents plus one judge). Thematic analysis was used to analyze the qualitative data. The results reveal differences between the human-produced and GPT-based ethical concerns. Human experts placed greater emphasis on new themes related to deviance, data privacy, bias and unethical corporate conduct. GPT agents emphasized concerns present in existing AI ethics guidelines. The study contributes to a growing body of knowledge in context-specific AI ethics and GPT application. It demonstrates the gap between human expert thinking and LLM output, while emphasizing new ethical concerns emerging in novel technology.

AI伦理多机器人大模型

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