用持续学习提升机器人动力学线性化,让简单控制器跑得更稳更快
Continual Learning and Lifting of Koopman Dynamics for Linear Control of Legged Robots
- 通过增量式扩展数据与隐空间,持续优化Koopman线性模型
- 在多种足式机器人上实现高精度控制,误差随迭代单调下降
- 适合需要高效、可扩展模型控制的机器人研发团队
足式机器人(如人形和四足机器人)的高维非线性动力学给控制带来挑战。虽然线性系统可用模型预测控制(MPC)有效控制,但非线性系统仍难以处理。Koopman算子可通过线性近似非线性动力学,使经典线性控制方法得以应用。然而,数据驱动方法常受限于近似误差、域偏移及固定状态空间表示,导致性能难提升。本文提出一种持续学习算法,通过逐步扩展数据集与隐空间维度,使学习到的Koopman动力学收敛至真实系统动态。理论分析表明,线性近似误差单调收敛。实验验证了该方法在Unitree G1/H1/A1/Go2和ANYmal D等机器人上,使用简单线性MPC控制器,在多种地形下均实现高性能运动控制。这是首次成功将线性化Koopman动力学应用于高维足式机器人步态控制,提供了一种可扩展的模型驱动控制方案。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
The control of legged robots, particularly humanoid and quadruped robots, presents significant challenges due to their high-dimensional and nonlinear dynamics. While linear systems can be effectively controlled using methods like Model Predictive Control (MPC), the control of nonlinear systems remains complex. One promising solution is the Koopman Operator, which approximates nonlinear dynamics with a linear model, enabling the use of proven linear control techniques. However, achieving accurate linearization through data-driven methods is difficult due to issues like approximation error, domain shifts, and the limitations of fixed linear state-space representations. These challenges restrict the scalability of Koopman-based approaches. This paper addresses these challenges by proposing a continual learning algorithm designed to iteratively refine Koopman dynamics for high-dimensional legged robots. The key idea is to progressively expand the dataset and latent space dimension, enabling the learned Koopman dynamics to converge towards accurate approximations of the true system dynamics. Theoretical analysis shows that the linear approximation error of our method converges monotonically. Experimental results demonstrate that our method achieves high control performance on robots like Unitree G1/H1/A1/Go2 and ANYmal D, across various terrains using simple linear MPC controllers. This work is the first to successfully apply linearized Koopman dynamics for locomotion control of high-dimensional legged robots, enabling a scalable model-based control solution.
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