GenAI让客户直接参与设计,改变建筑师角色,带来创作主权争议。
Empowering Clients -- Transformation of Design Processes Due to Generative AI
- 用文本生成图像工具让客户快速可视化创意,推动设计初期变革。
- 建筑师从创意主导转为评估方案可行性,角色重心转移。
- 适合关注人机协作、设计伦理及文化多样性的人阅读。
生成式AI正重塑创意领域,影响文化与遗产的形成。本文聚焦客户与设计师之间的互动变化,揭示从依赖专家创意转向客户在AI辅助下的自主创作。以建筑设计为例,因涉及复杂客户需求交互,研究通过六位建筑师使用通用文本到图像工具生成设计并反馈,结合专家访谈发现:AI能加速创意构思阶段,使客户更早深度参与;但其反馈常引导创新想法趋向标准化,抑制突破性设计。建筑师对建筑诠释权与身份认同的掌控感出现不确定性。研究还指出,未来AI系统需加强客户融合,同时警惕文化趋同风险——当核心文化遗产由AI参与设计时,可能导致风格单一化。本研究从人机关系角度拓展至社会层面,讨论人工智能、专家与非专家之间权力、能力与责任的重构。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Generative AI (GenAI) is transforming creative fields shaping our culture and our heritage. We focus on widespread interactions between clients and (creative) specialists highlighting a change in interaction patterns leading to a shift from the use of expert creativity towards AI-supported client creativity. More specifically, we explore the case of architecture as designing houses is complex involving extensive customer interaction. We investigate the effects of GenAI on the architectural design process and discuss the role of the architect. Our study involved six architects using a general-purpose text-to-image tool for generating designs and providing feedback followed by expert interviews. We find that AI can disrupt the ideation phase by enabling clients to engage in the design process through rapid visualization of their ideas. In turn, so our thesis, the architect's role shifts towards assessing feasibility of such designs. AI's feedback, though valuable, can hamper creativity and innovation by suggesting altering novel, innovative approaches towards more standardized designs. We find that there is uncertainty among architects about the interpretative sovereignty of architecture and identity when AI increasingly takes over authorship. Our findings can also support the design of future AI systems by pinpointing weaknesses and highlighting a novel design process calling for tighter client integration. In our discussion, we also generalize our findings on a broader societal level elaborating on the change of a number of characteristics such as power, capability and responsibility in the triangle of AI, experts, and non-experts. We also discuss risks such as cultural uniformity when it comes to using AI to design artifacts central to our cultural heritage.
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