解析欧盟AI法案中人权影响评估的法律依据与核心框架
The Fundamental Rights Impact Assessment (FRIA) in the AI Act: Roots, legal obligations and key elements for a model template
- 基于AI法案条文，构建人权影响评估的方法论框架
- 提出可扩展至各国及国际场景的评估模板雏形
- 为可信AI设计提供法律合规与伦理实践指南
本文围绕欧盟《人工智能法案》中要求开展基本权利影响评估（FRIA）的背景、立法者如何界定人权影响评估的范畴，以及制定评估方法应遵循的标准展开研究。通过分析法案相关条款并讨论多种可能的评估模型，旨在填补现有理论与方法上的空白。文章提出一个可供参考的FRIA模型模板，不仅契合法案的立法意图和适用范围，且适用于第27条列出情形之外的场景，可作为欧盟及成员国机构、AI从业者未来落实该工具的参考蓝图，并为其他国家和国际倡议提供可借鉴的人权保障框架。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
What is the context which gave rise to the obligation to carry out a Fundamental Rights Impact Assessment (FRIA) in the AI Act? How has assessment of the impact on fundamental rights been framed by the EU legislator in the AI Act? What methodological criteria should be followed in developing the FRIA? These are the three main research questions that this article aims to address, through both legal analysis of the relevant provisions of the AI Act and discussion of various possible models for assessment of the impact of AI on fundamental rights. The overall objective of this article is to fill existing gaps in the theoretical and methodological elaboration of the FRIA, as outlined in the AI Act. In order to facilitate the future work of EU and national bodies and AI operators in placing this key tool for human-centric and trustworthy AI at the heart of the EU approach to AI design and development, this article outlines the main building blocks of a model template for the FRIA. While this proposal is consistent with the rationale and scope of the AI Act, it is also applicable beyond the cases listed in Article 27 and can serve as a blueprint for other national and international regulatory initiatives to ensure that AI is fully consistent with human rights.
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