用量化符号压缩时间序列,存得少、算得快、还能直接喂给大模型。
QABBA: Symbolic Time-Series Compression via Integer-Quantized Aggregation
- 将符号中心量化为整数,实现低精度计算与参数压缩。
- 在多个数据集上实现存储减少30%以上,重建误差可控。
- 适合需要轻量化时序分析的大模型应用,如智能监控、设备诊断。
传感器和监控系统生成的时间序列数据持续增长,紧凑表示变得愈发重要。此类表示需保留信号结构的同时降低存储、传输和计算成本。自适应布朗桥聚合(ABBA)通过将长数值序列转换为短符号序列来满足这一需求,但参数存储量和计算精度的进一步优化仍有必要。我们提出量化版ABBA(QABBA),通过对符号中心进行量化,显著减少参数规模并支持整数运算,同时保持高重建质量。本文建立了若干量化引入的近似误差界:每段的无维度超额误差界、时域重建误差界、符号分配稳定性条件,以及段长与增量间比特分配规则。由此产生的符号串可直接输入预训练大语言模型(LLM),无需额外的时间序列嵌入层。在Monash回归归档、UCR时间序列分类归档及UEA多变量时间序列分类归档上的实验表明,该方法在存储、重建精度与下游预测性能之间实现了实用权衡。因此,QABBA为时间序列压缩与基于大模型的分析提供了误差可控、低精度的符号化表示。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
The expansion of time-series data from sensors and monitoring systems has made compact representations increasingly important. Such representations should retain signal structure while cutting storage, transmission and computation costs. Adaptive Brownian Bridge-based Aggregation (ABBA) addresses this need by converting long numerical series into short symbolic sequences, but reductions in parameter storage and computational precision remain desirable. We propose Quantized ABBA (QABBA), a quantized version of ABBA. By quantizing the symbolic centers, QABBA reduces the parameter footprint and enables integer arithmetic while maintaining high reconstruction quality. We establish several error bounds for the additional approximation introduced by quantization: a dimension-free bound on the excess error of each segment, a time-domain reconstruction-error bound, a stability condition for symbolic assignment, and a rule for allocating bits between segment lengths and increments. The resulting symbolic strings can be passed directly to a pretrained large language model (LLM) without any extra time-series embedding layer. Experiments on the Monash regression archive, UCR Time Series Classification Archive, and UEA Multivariate Time Series Classification Archive demonstrate a practical trade-off among storage, reconstruction accuracy and downstream predictive performance. QABBA therefore provides an error-controlled, low-precision symbolic representation for time-series compression and LLM-based analysis.
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