arXiv:2411.17080cs.DBcs.AI2024-11被引 1

提出新方法解决多仓库车辆路径问题,提升配送效率。

DeepMDV: Global Spatial Matching for Multi-depot Vehicle Routing Problems

  • 分两阶段处理:先全局匹配客户到仓库,再优化每条路线顺序。
  • 在合成与真实数据集上均优于所有基线,包括单仓库学习方法。
  • 适合需要高效调度的电商物流系统部署使用。

在线零售和电子商务的快速发展使高效的车辆路径问题(VRP)解决方案变得至关重要。为应对增长需求,企业不断增设仓库,将VRP转化为复杂的多仓库车辆路径问题(MDVRP),其中多个仓库的车辆调度高度相互依赖。传统方法在此类问题中表现不佳且难以扩展。本文提出一种新方法,通过分解MDVRP为两个核心空间任务——客户分配至仓库与优化客户访问顺序——实现更优解。采用任务解耦策略,构建两阶段可扩展框架:(i) 一个依赖关系建模模块,将空间与行程上下文嵌入表示空间,实现客户与仓库的全局匹配及路线分配;(ii) 一个独立路由模块,优化每条路线内的最优访问序列。在合成与真实世界数据集上的大量实验表明,该方法在不同规模问题下均超越所有基线,包括对单仓库学习方法的适配版本。其良好的适应性与性能使其成为现实物流挑战中的实用且可直接部署的解决方案。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

The rapid growth of online retail and e-commerce has made effective and efficient Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) solutions essential. To meet rising demand, companies are adding more depots, which changes the VRP problem to a complex optimization task of Multi-Depot VRP (MDVRP) where the routing decisions of vehicles from multiple depots are highly interdependent. The complexities render traditional VRP methods suboptimal and non-scalable for the MDVRP. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to solve MDVRP addressing these interdependencies, hence achieving more effective results. The key idea is, the MDVRP can be broken down into two core spatial tasks: assigning customers to depots and optimizing the sequence of customer visits. We adopt task-decoupling approach and propose a two-stage framework that is scalable: (i) an interdependent partitioning module that embeds spatial and tour context directly into the representation space to globally match customers to depots and assign them to tours; and (ii) an independent routing module that determines the optimal visit sequence within each tour. Extensive experiments on both synthetic and real-world datasets demonstrate that our method outperforms all baselines across varying problem sizes, including the adaptations of learning-based solutions for single-depot VRP. Its adaptability and performance make it a practical and readily deployable solution for real-world logistics challenges.

车辆路径多仓库优化调度深度学习

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